일본 고도 평안경(교토)의 풍수 사신: 평가와 문제제기 = Fengshui Four Gods of Heiankyo(Kyoto), the Ancient capital of Japan: Evaluation and Raising Problem

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to discuss Fengshui(風水) Four Gods(四神) of Heiankyo(平安京, Kyoto), the old city of Japan, namely to evaluate Sancheongdotack(山川道澤) theory(theory that Four Gods are composed of mountain, river, road and pond) and Cheonsimsipdo(天心十道) theory (theory that it was built at the center where 4 mountains intersect) and to demonstrate that the old city of Japan was composed of Four Gods composed of 3 mountains and pond. Fengshui Four Gods are Black tortoise(玄武,), Red bird(朱雀,), Blue Dragon(靑龍,) and White tiger(白虎,) which mainly protect Hole(穴, The place where energy is most intensively concentrated in Fengshui) and concentrate energy. To date, the discussion on the Fengshui Four Gods of Heiankyo(Kyoto), the old city of Japan could be divided into Sancheongdotack theory and Cheonsimsipdo theory based on Sakuteiki(作庭記). However, the applicability is questionable in that Sancheongdotack theory could not be verified in the article on the old city of Japan and Cheonsimsipdo theory arose after Song(宋) Dynasty of China. Based on such sense of problem, this study clarified that Fujiwarakyo(藤原京) Heijokyo(平安京), Heiankyo out of the old city of Japan were composed of 3 mountains and Red bird. This had structure similar to that of Sabi(泗비), the capital of Backje(百濟). Thus, this study viewed that the Fengshui transmitted to Japan was simultaneously transmitted as Four Gods mainly based on mountain and Four Gods of Sancheongdotack and the pond as 3 mountains and Red bird was applied to Sasinsangeung(四神相應) at the beginning and Sasinsangeung of Sancheongdotack was applied to Heiankyo after Sakuteiki influenced by Chinese Fengshui was published & the prototype of Fengshui of old city existed as 3 mountains with open front and pond existed as Red bird.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "梁書"

2 최창조, "한국의 풍수사상" 민음사 1984

3 최창조, "좋은 땅이란 어디를 말함인가" 서해문집 1990

4 박진한, "일본 전근대도시의 연구 현황 - ‘천년 고도’, 교토를 중심으로 -" 역사학회 (207) : 405-436, 2010

5 이도학, "사비시대 백제의 4방계산 호국사찰의 성립－법왕의 불교이념 확대정책과 관련하여－" 충남대 백제연구소 4 : 1989

6 류성준, "동진 곽박과 그 전후의 유선시 간고" 한국외대 중국연구소 28 : 2001

7 金子裕之, "飛鳥․藤原京と平城京－七․八世紀の都と舒明王朝－" 奈良女子大学21世紀COEプログラム 1 : 2007

8 黃永融, "風水都市 歷史都市の空間構成" 學藝出版社 1999

9 渡邊欣雄, "風水氣の景觀地理學" 人文書院 1995

10 木尾郞海, "風水思想論考" 山喜房佛書林 1994

11 淺井秀子, "風水思想と日本における歷史的都市構成" 鳥取短期大学 18 : 2003

12 李家幽竹, "風水で読み解く日本史の謎: 平安京遷都から江戸幕府の繁栄まで" PHP硏究所 2014

13 黃永融, "隱された日本の古代宮都計劃" 日本建築學會 113 (113): 1998

14 "隋書"

15 "陽宅十書"

16 曾我とも子, "陰陽五行思想における三合の考察－平安京にみる三合－" 岡山大学大学院 (35) : 2003

17 "續日本記"

18 "簠6內傳"

19 曾我とも子, "神戶福原における安德天皇新內裏の位置についての考察－陰陽五行思想からの分析－" 岡山大学大学院 (29) : 2010

20 武光誠, "真説日本古代史" PHP硏究所 2013

21 振興居士, "看懂風水改好運" 達觀出版 2010

22 김경택, "泗沘都城의 排水體系 變遷에 대한 試論的 考察" 한국상고사학회 77 (77): 37-62, 2012

23 "泄天机"

24 千田稔, "東アジアの都市形態と文明史" 国際文化研究センター 2004

25 瀧浪貞子, "東アジアの都市形態と文明史" 国際日本文化研究センター 2014

26 足利健亮, "景観から歴史を読む: 地図を解く楽しみ" NHK人間大学, 日本送出版協会 1997

27 戶矢學, "日本風水" 木戶出判 2005

28 "日本書紀"

29 "日本後紀"

30 西桓安比吉, "日本建築學會大會學術講演梗槪集" 日本建築學會 1992

31 黃永融, "日本建築學會大會學術講演梗槪集" 日本建築學會 1993

32 黃永融, "日本古代宮都の敷地選定と中軸線計劃について-風水思想からみた古代宮都計劃の硏究-" 日本建築學會 474 : 1995

33 鈴木一馨, "日本古代․中世期の風水說における四神相應について" 82 (82): 2009

34 鈴木一馨, "日本古代․中世期の風水術における四神相応について" 日本宗敎學會 359 : 2009

35 KOMIYAHIDETAKA, "日本 古代都城의 儀禮空間과 王權의 位相" 한국고대사학회 (71) : 317-353, 2013

36 "新增東國輿地勝覽"

37 劉海于, "平泉文化研究センター年報" 岩手大学平泉文化研究センター 2014

38 "平家物語"

39 日本博学倶楽部, "学び直す日本史古代編 第3章" PHP研究所 2011

40 松井幸一, "城下町における都市計劃と基軸の設定－飯田を事例として－" 關西大學東西學術硏究所 45 : 2012

41 鬼頭淸明, "國文學解釋と敎材の硏究" 學橙社 1988

42 水野杏紀, "四神相応と植物 : "営造宅経"と"作庭記"を中心として" 大阪府立大學 3 : 2007

43 "周書"

44 "吾妻鏡"

45 "司馬頭陀地脉訣"

46 館野和己, "古代都市から見えてくるまちづくりの原點" 建設コソサルタソシ協會 237 : 2007

47 館野和己, "古代都城の成立とその意義" 奈良女子大学21世紀COEプログラム 1 : 2007

48 足利健亮, "古代都城․平安京の都市計劃と四神" 대한지리학회 10 : 1985

49 京都府, "千年の都と鴨川" 鴨川流域懇談會 2006

50 飛田範夫, "作庭記 原本の推定" 長岡造形大学 7 : 2010

51 "作庭記"

52 "人子須知"

53 林明德, "京都歷史事件簿" 遠流出版 2010

54 足利健亮, "京都歷史アトラ成" 中央公論社 1994

55 西川幸治, "京都千二百年<上>平安京から町衆の都市へ" 草思社 1997

56 天畠秀秋, "京都とソウル－風水思想と歴史的都市の囲繞区間－" 武庫川女子大学 2004

57 "中華百科全書"

58 "三國遺事"

59 "三國史記"

60 神崎茂夫, "やまびこは語る" 文藝社 2002

61 장성규, "『황제택경』의 문헌적 연구" 한국건축역사학회 18 (18): 65-84, 2009

62 장성규, "『호수경(狐首經)』의 문헌적 연구" 한국건축역사학회 19 (19): 51-70, 2010

63 "http://www.hieizan.or.jp/about/history"