함철물질 (Fe-bearing materials)과 persulfate를 이용한 halogenated phenols의 분해 = Degradation of halogenated phenols using Fe-bearing materials and persulfate

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 함철물질이라는 촉매제를 통하여 할로겐화 페놀의 흡착 및 분해가 가능할 것이라는 가정 하에 실험을 진행하였으며, 함철물질만을 이용한 환원반응 실험과 persulfate만을 이용한 산화 반응 그리고 함철물질과 persulfate를 함께 사용하여 할로겐화 페놀의 산화/환원 반응의 효율과 그 가능성을 알아보았다. persulfate 만을 이용한 산화에서는 2,4-dibromophenol (DBP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), 2,4-difluorophenol (DFP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), 4-chlorophenol (4CP), 2-chlorophenol (2CP), 및 phenol은 변화가 없었다. Fe(0) 만을 이용한 환원에서는 halogenated phenol은 11-44% 감소하였으며, phenol은 약 4% 미만 감소하였다. Fe(0)와 250 mg/L persulfate를 이용하여 분해하였을 때 DCP와 DBP는 완전히 제거되었으며, DFP는 약 80% 제거되었다. TCP, 4CP, 2CP 및 phenol의 제거효율은 각각 88, 20, 24, 6%이었다. Persulfate 농도를 500 mg/L로 증가시켰을 때 약 41% 제거되었으며, 2000 mg/L로 증가시켰을 때 95% 제거되었다. FeS 만을 이용한 환원에서는 halogenated phenol은 17-45% 감소하였으며, phenol의 경우 약 6% 정도 감소하였다. FeS 와 250 mg/L persulfate를 이용하여 분해 실험을 하였을 때 27-82% 의 halogenated phenol이 감소하였다. Phenol의 경우 약 32% 제거 되었는데, persulfate 농도를 500 및 2000 mg/L로 증가시켰을 때 각각 50%, 97% 제거 되었다. Fe(0)와 FeS는 할로겐화 페놀의 종류에 따라 분해 효율은 각각 다르지만 persulfate와 동시에 존재할 때 촉매 역할을 함으로써 분해효율을 급격히 증가시켰다. 따라서 비용이 저렴한 Fe(0)와 FeS를 이용하여 할로겐화 페놀을 persulfate를 이용한 산화처리 공정은 효과적이며 충분한 경쟁력이 있다고 판단된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Degradation of halogenated phenols using Fe-bearing materials and persulfate

Jae-Ik Kim
Environmental Engineering
Graduate school of industry University of Ulsan

Laboratory experiments were conducted under the assumption that decomposition of halogenated phenol by persulfate would be enhanced by Fe-bearing materials which act as catalysts. Via direct oxidation by persulfate alone, 2,4-dibromophenol (DBP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), 2,4-difluorophenol (DFP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), 4-chlorophenol (4CP), 2-chlorophenol (2CP), and phenol were not significantly removed. Direct reduction with only Fe (0) decreased the concentrations of halogenated phenols by 11-44%. In contrast, phenol was decreased by less than 4%. In the co-presence of Fe (0) and persulfate (250 mg/L), DCP and DBP were completely removed and DFP was removed by about 80%. Removal efficiencies of TCP, 4CP, 2CP, and phenol were 88, 20, 24, and 6%, respectively. By increasing persulfate concentration to 500 and 2000 mg/L, phenol was removed by 41 and 95%, respectively. Similarly, direct reduction by FeS showed 6-45% removal and FeS-activated persulfate removed the halogenated phenols by 27-82%. Removal efficiency was further enhanced to 80 and 97% with 500 and 2000 mg/L of persulfate, respectively. Our results indicated that the degradation of halogenated phenols were significantly enhanced in the presence of Fe-bearing materials and persulfate, suggesting that the Fe-bearing materials act as catalysts. Degradation of halogenated phenols by Fe(0)/FeS-activated persulfate was affected by the type and number of halogenated functional groups. Our results suggest that oxidation by Fe(0)/FeS-activated persulfate may be an effective and competitive process to remediate halogenated phenols in natural and engineered systems.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• <목 차>
• 1. 서론.........................................................................................................................................................1
• 1.1 연구배경 및 목적.............................................................................................................................1
• 2. 이론적 배경...........................................................................................................................................3
• 2.1 페놀.......................................................................................................................................3
• 2.2 In-Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO)...................................................................................6
• 2.3 Persulfate...............................................................................................................................8
• 2.3.1 Persulfate의 성질..............................................................................................................8
• 2.3.2 Persulfate의 물리화학적 성질.........................................................................................8
• 2.3.3 Persulfate 산화..................................................................................................................8
• 2.4 영가철 (zero-valent iron : ZVI)........................................................................................9
• 2.5 Iron sulfide (FeS)..............................................................................................................10
• 3. 실험재료 및 방법.................................................................................................................11
• 3.1 실험재료.............................................................................................................................11
• 3.2 실험방법.............................................................................................................................12
• 3.2.1 Halogenated phenols의 persulfate/oxidation의 분해 실험..........................................12
• 3.2.2 Fe양 변화실험................................................................................................................12
• 3.2.3 Persulfate 농도변화 실험..............................................................................................13
• 3.2.4 Control실험......................................................................................................................13
• 4. 결과 및 고찰.........................................................................................................................14
• 4.1 DBP persulfate/oxidation의 Fe(0) 분해 실험.................................................................14
• 4.2 DFP persulfate/oxidation의 Fe(0) 분해 실험.................................................................15
• 4.3 TCP persulfate/oxidation의 Fe(0) 분해 실험.................................................................16
• 4.4 DCP persulfate/oxidation의 Fe(0) 분해 실험.................................................................17
• 4.5 4CP persulfate/oxidation의 Fe(0) 분해 실험..................................................................18
• 4.6 2CP persulfate/oxidation의 Fe(0) 분해 실험..................................................................19
• 4.7 Phenol persulfate/oxidation의 Fe(0) 분해 실험..............................................................20
• 4.8 DBP persulfate/oxidation의 FeS 분해 실험...................................................................21
• 4.9 DFP persulfate/oxidation의 FeS 분해 실험....................................................................22
• 4.10 TCP persulfate/oxidation의 FeS 분해 실험..................................................................23
• 4.11 DCP persulfate/oxidation의 FeS 분해 실험.................................................................24
• 4.12 4CP persulfate/oxidation의 FeS 분해 실험..................................................................25
• 4.13 2CP persulfate/oxidation의 FeS 분해 실험..................................................................26
• 4.14 Phenol persulfate/oxidation의 FeS 분해 실험..............................................................27
• 5. 결론.........................................................................................................................................28
• 6. 참고문헌.................................................................................................................................30