This paper is written to examine translations of Liaozhaizhiyi by Samuel Wells Williams(1812-1884). Williams, along with Karl Gützlaff(1803-1851), was the first to translate and introduce Liaozhaizhiyi to the West. He was a protestant missionary in ...
This paper is written to examine translations of Liaozhaizhiyi by Samuel Wells Williams(1812-1884). Williams, along with Karl Gützlaff(1803-1851), was the first to translate and introduce Liaozhaizhiyi to the West. He was a protestant missionary in the United States, came to China in 1833 and engaged in various activities in the field of print and publication. In 1877 he returned to the United States, where he became the first professor of Chinese language and literature at Yale University in 1881.
Williams published a Chinese textbook called Easy Lessons in Chinese(1842) in Macau. In this textbook, he presented translations of several Liaozhaizhiyi works along with the original Chinese characters. His early interest in Chinese novels can be seen as derived from practical purposes such as acquisition of Chinese language and character, and understanding of Chinese life and culture.
Next, Williams systematized the knowledge and informations about China that had been listed in fragmentary forms through The Chinese Repository in The Middle kingdom(1848). Chapter 12 of this book dealed with ‘polite literature of the Chinese’. Here, while discussing Chinese novels, he presented translations of the two works of Liaozhaizhiyi. As Williams’s experiences such as reading and translations of Chinese novels accumulated, he developed into a stage where he understood the characteristics of Chinese novels and Liaozhaizhiyi from the perspective of literary and novel history.
Finally, Williams translated and published the work of Liaozhaizhiyi called “Revenge of Miss Shang Sankwan” in The Chinese Repository(1849) Vol.18 No.8.
Overall, his translations of Liaozhaizhiyi were a relatively faithful to the original Chinese character, although there were some mistranslations, which showed a different level from Gützlaff’s brief introduction of the plot of stories. In addition, it can be evaluated that his translations played a nourishing role in the publication of H.A.Giles’s Liaozhaizhiyi in 1880.