코로나19 시기 사회복지사의 소진에 미치는 영향요인 연구 -심리적·직업적·제도적 요인을 중심으로- = Factors Associated with Burnout among Social Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 코로나19 시기 재난 취약계층에게 사회서비스를 제공하고 있는 사회복지사들에 주목하여, 이들의 소진에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 인천광역시 내 사회복지시설에서 근무하고 있는 사회복지사를 대상으로 2020년 8월 6일부터 9월 7일까지 온·오프라인 병행 설문조사를 실시하였다. 최종 응답자 중 분석에 적절한 330명의 자료를 활용해 다중회귀분석을 시행하였다. 분석 결과, 많은 사회복지사들이 소진을 경험하고 있었으며, 이들의 소진에 심리적, 직업적, 제도적 요인이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로, 심리적 요인에서는 코로나19에 대한 위험 인지, 코로나19 대응 자신감이 사회복지사의 소진에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 직업적 요인 중에서는 코로나19 이후 업무 강도 및 스트레스가 높아졌을수록, 이수한 감염병 대응 교육의 개수가 낮을수록, 시설의 예방조치 시행 비율이 높을수록 사회복지사의 소진이 심각해졌다. 제도적 요인에서는 정부정책 만족도가 높을수록 소진이 유의미하게 낮아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 코로나19의 맥락에서 사회복지사의 소진 영향요인으로 맥락적·제도적 변인이 고려되어야 한다는 점을 의미한다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 재난 시기 사회복지사의 소진과 심리적, 직업적, 제도적 요인 간 관계를 논의하고, 코로나19 시기 사회복지사의 소진을 완화하기 위한 정책적 제언을 제시하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to identify the factors affecting the burnout of social workers who provide social services to vulnerable groups in the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was conducted from August 6^th to September 7^th, 2020 through various social welfare facilities in Incheon Metropolitan City. Data from 330 social workers were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that social workers’ burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with psychological, occupational, and institutional factors. As for the psychological factors, perceived risk of COVID-19, and confidence in preparedness and response to COVID-19 had significant effects on burnout of social workers. Occupational factors influencing the burnout of social workers were high work intensity and stress after the outbreak of COVID-19, less training to respond to infectious diseases, and high rates of implementation of preventive measures. Among institutional factors, the higher level of satisfaction with government policies significantly lowered burnout, which means contextual and institutional influences should be considered in the context of COVID-19. Based on the results, political suggestions were discussed to alleviate the level of burnout of social workers during the COVID-19 epidemic.

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