문인예술(文人藝術)의 삼교사상(三敎思想)에 관한 고찰 = The Three Religions(Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism) of Literati`s Arts

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

When discussing about literati art, literati paintings comes first, and it is easy to access to the theories about it. The theory of `gentry paintings` established by Su Dongpo(蘇東坡) in Song Dynasty was the beginning, and it was the objection to the group of painters at that time, which was biased towards a painting form. In addition, it had been affected by the social background of ethnocracy in Yuan Dynasty. Furthermore, it had been compiled as the concept of `literati`s paintings` by Dong Qichang(董其昌) in Ming Dynasty. After all, as it was called `literati paintings`, it has been changed with the identity that suited the needs of the time. To comprehend literati art as mentioned above, we should grasp the mutual concepts of literati and art first because both are inconsistent due to their extensive and subjective scopes. Among the mutual concepts, the most distinguishing one is to pursue a social significance. In other words, it is the objective to propagate literati`s ideal to the public through art as an indirect means. Since it is also evitable to have a sense of responsibility, not only the art works as a result but also the production process matters. Thus, personality used to be emphasized naturally. This study focused on the self-consciousness that literati have exhibited in accordance with the situation. The self-consciousness here connotes literati`s subjectivity, social purpose and mental action. Especially literati`s practical spirits that pursue essence underlie it, that is to say, there is a stage of `process` directly related to their own ideal result. Historically, literati have emphasized on the stage of `process`. In the categories of art, there are two tendencies. One is `the process based on the premise of a painstaking effort`, and the other is `the transcendence from the process`. The former is Confucian aesthetic interpretation, and the latter is about Taoistic or Buddhist aesthetics. Consequently, it could transcend only through the `process` based on the premise of an effort, and the subsequent stage mutually fused is regarded as the best ideal. By the way, there might be a cacophony of art practices by denying the others due to a blind self-consciousness. The `process` of artistic activities is sometimes neglected by biased towards the result of art works. Fortunately, there has appeared artistic activities that emphasize on `process` lately. For example, `performance` activities have been performed in East Asian calligraphy cultural area. Especially in Japan, it is ideal that teachers and students cooperate as a way of educating. The collectivity of calligraphy makes students realize the pleasure of the process to resolve conflicts of group activities experienced during an artistic production with cooperation. It is the phenomenon that a subjective concept of calligraphy turns into an objective concept, and it could be the modern significance that starts to emerge in literati art.