개혁주의 교육 방법: 교리교육과 예배참여를 통한 전인적 신앙 형성 = Methods of Reformed Education: Wholistic Faith Forma- tion through Catechesis and Worship

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Korean Presbyterian Church is aligned with the Reformed church’s the- ology and practice. Although the Korean Presbyterian Church has interpreted the gospel with regard to its own context, the Western evangelical theory and practice are evident throughout. One facet of ecclesial life where enthusiasm for Reformed theology is expressed constructively is in catechesis. As the ref- ormation reaches its 500th anniversary, the Korean Church has published its handbook of Reformed catechism that embraces catechetical instruction as a substitute for the traditional church education. This article investigates the question of whether Reformed education is rightly called catechism educa- tion.
It is generally accepted that the Reformed church’s educational system is the study of the Reformed catechisms. Students are required to explain logi- cally the specific themes of Christian doctrine, and memorize important cat- echetical questions and answers. However, this article will rely on research of John Calvin’s works to argue that the principle of reformed education is an interrogative and complex educational system that combines learning re- formed catechism, which emphasizes human intellect, and participation in Christian worship, which provides practical knowledge. Borrowing from mod- ern educational terms, the principles of reformed education are rooted in the growth of human learning by combining implicit and explicit curriculum.
Therefore, I will argue that the Reformed educational system in the twenty- first century should be liturgical catechesis, which is an integrated system of learning catechism and participation in the liturgical worship.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

한국의 장로교회는 개혁교회의 신학과 실천에 큰 관심을 가져 왔다. 물론 한국이라는 맥락에 토착화되면서 개혁주의보다는 복음주의 이론과 실천이 더 큰 영향력을 미쳐오기도 했다. 그러나 개혁주의 신학과 전통에 대한 열망은 한국 장로교회의신학과 현장 속에서 중요한 물줄기로 흘러왔으며, 최근 이는 교리 교육에 대한 열망으로 표출되고 있다. 특히 종교개혁 500주년을 맞아서 한국 교회 안에는 개혁주의의 주요 교리 문답해설서가 출판되고 있으며, 교리 교육은 전통적인 교회교육을대체할만한 교육 시스템으로 각광받고 있다. 그렇다면 개혁주의 교육은 교리 교육이라고 말할 수 있는가? 일반적으로 개혁주의 교육이라고 하면 교리 교육을 떠올리는 경향이 있다. 웨스트민스터 교리 문답 등을 공부하고, 논리적으로 설명할 수 있으며, 일부 문답을 암기하는 것이 개혁주의 교육 체계라고 일반적으로 생각한다. 그러나 본 연구는 16세기의 대표적인 종교개혁가인 존 칼빈의 저작들을 살펴보며 개혁주의 교육은 지성을 강조하는 교리문답 교육과, 예배를 통해 신앙의 의미를 실천적으로 배우는 예배교육이 합쳐진 통합적인 양육 체계였음을 논증할 것이다. 현대 교육학 용어를 빌어설명하자면, 개혁주의 교육의 원리는 의도적 교육과 비의도적 교육이 연결되어 지성, 감성, 의지를 포함한 전인 성장을 추구한다. 그러므로 본고에서는 21세기 개혁주의 교육이 교리문답과 예전이 합쳐진 예전적 교리 교육(liturgical catechesis)이 되어야 함을 주장할 것이다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 대한예수교장로회총회(고신), "헌법"

2 이정순, "이야기가 있는 학교" ivp 2006

3 성호숙, "예배를 통한 기독교교육의 실제" 개혁신학회 18 : 67-91, 2011

4 함영주, "교육을통한 한국 교회의 회복" 한국복음주의신학회 27-83, 2015

5 김성수, "개혁주의 기독교교육의 원리와 과제" 개혁신학회 28 : 9-42, 2013

6 Bromiley, Geoffrey W., "Zwingli and Bullinger" John Knox Press 1953

7 Westerhoff, John H., "Will Our Children Have Faith?" More House 2000

8 Wolterstorff, Nicholas, "Until Justice and Peace Embrace" Eerdmans 1983

9 Muller,Richard A., "Unaccommodated Calvin" Oxford University Press 2000

10 Little, Sara, "Theologies of Religious Education" Religious Education Press 11-34, 1995

11 Baird,Charles W., "The Presbyterian Liturgies: Historical Sketches" Wipf &Stock 2006

12 Dykstra,Russell J., "The Great Value of Reformed,Christian Education"

13 Vanderwell, Howard, "The Church of All Ages" Alban Institute 2008

14 Lillback, Peter A., "The Binding of God: Calvin’s Role in the Development of Covenant Theology" Baker Academic 2001

15 van Dyk, Leanne, "Reformed Theology:Identity and Ecumenicity" Eerdmans 223-232, 2003

16 White, James F., "Protestant Worship : Transitions in Tradition" Westminster John Knox 1989

17 Van de Poll, G. J., "Martin Bucer’s Liturgical Ideas" Van Gorcum 1954

18 Luther, Martin, "Luther’s Works. Vol. 53" Fortress Press 1965

19 Maag, Karin, "Lifting Hearts to the Lord" Eerdmans 2015

20 Spierling, Karen E., "Infant Baptism in Reformation Geneva: The Shaping of a Community 1536-1564" John Knox Press 2009

21 Pazmino,Robert W., "God Our Teacher: Theological Basicsin Christian Education" Baker Academic 2001

22 Duncan III,J. Ligon, "Give Praise to God, edited by Phillip Graham Ryken" P & R 317-338, 2003

23 Berkhof, Louis, "Foundations of Christian Education: Addressesto Christian Teachers" Presbyterian andReformed PublishingCompany 25-40, 1990

24 Berkhof, Louis, "Foundations of Christian Education: Addresses to Christian Teachers" Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company 65-81, 1990

25 La Belle, Thomas J., "Formal, Nonformal and Informal Education: A Holistic Perspective on Lifelong Learning" 28 (28): 59-175, 1982

26 Moon, Hwarang, "Engraved upon the Heart" Wipf & Stock 2015

27 De jong, Norman, "Education in the Truth" Presbyterian andReformed Publishing 1969

28 Wolterstorff, Nicholas, "Educating for Life" Baker Academic 2002

29 Kingdon, Robert, "Educating People of Faith" Eerdmans 294-313, 2004

30 Steinmetz, David C., "Educating People of Faith" Eerdmnas 253-269, 2004

31 Palmer Wandel, Lee, "Educating People of Faith" Eerdmans 270-293, 2004

32 Smith, James K. A., "Desiring the Kingdom" Baker 2009

33 Senn, Frank C., "Christian Liturgy" Fortress Press 1997

34 Calvin, John, "Calvin’s Commentaries" Baker 2005

35 Watanabe, Nobuo, "Calvinus Sacrae Scipturae Professor:Calvin as Confessor of the Holy Spirit" Eerdmans 224-232, 1994

36 Calvin, John, "Calvin: Theological Treatises" John Knox Press 56-72, 1541

37 Calvin, John, "Calvin: Theological Treatises" John Knox Press 47-55, 1954

38 Calvin, John, "Calvin: Theological Treatises" John Knox Press 1954