자기결정성이론에 근거한 한국형 기본 심리 욕구 척도 개발 및 타당화 = Development and Construct Validation of the Basic Psychological Needs Scale for Korean Adolescents：Based on the Self-Determination Theory

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purposes of the present study were to develop a basic psychological needs scale based on the Self-determination Theory (SDT) for Korean adolescents and to examine its construct validity. Ryan and Deci's basic psychological needs scale was used as the basis for this Korean version of the scale. Translation and back translation procedures were used along with the qualitative analysis of the results from interview and open-ended questions to modify original items and to construct new items that properly represent Korean concept of the basic psychological needs. The adapted and newly constructed items were administered to 1591 middle and high school students from 10 different schools in Korea. The item and scale base analyses resulted in 18 items (6 items each for the sub-scale of autonomy, competence, and relatedness) as the final version for the Basic Psychological Needs Scale for Korean adolescents. An evidence of construct validity was obtained from a confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency of the three sub-scales were relatively high (α=.70, .75, and .79 for the autonomy, competence, and relatedness sub-scales, respectively) considering the number of the items included in each scale. The evidences of concurrent validity were obtained from correlation analyses using students' academic self-regulation scale scores, academic self-efficacy scale scores, and school adjustment scale scores as the criterion measures for autonomy, competence, and relatedness sub-scales, respectively. The evidences of predictive validity were obtained from correlation, simple regression, and standard multiple regression analyses using students' psychological well-being scale scores as the criterion. In conclusion, the results showed that the Basic Psychological Needs Scale based on the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) for Korean adolescents properly measured the theory-consistent construct and significantly predicted external criterion variables. Results were also discussed in relations to the potential utility of the scale.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 자기결정성이론의 핵심개념인 인간의 세 가지 기본 심리적 욕구를 측정하는데 사용하기 위해 Ryan과 Deci가 오랜 연구 결과1)로 개발한 “기본 심리 욕구 척도”에 근거하여 청소년들을 위한 한국형 기본 심리 욕구 척도를 개발하고 타당화하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 특히 한국의 고유한 문화적 특성을 반영한 척도를 개발하기 위하여 문항작성을 위한 자료수집 과정에 질적 연구방법을 포함시켰다. 삼차에 걸친 자료수집과 문항 및 척도의 양호도 분석 후에 세 가지 하위 구인인 자율성, 유능성과 관계성에 대한 욕구를 측정하기 위해 하위척도 당 6문항씩, 총 18문항의 최종척도를 구성하였다. 구성된 척도의 심리측정학적 동등성 검증을 실시한 결과 본 검사가 중, 고등학생들에게 공통적으로 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 본 검사와 타 동기척도와 심리적 안녕감과의 관련성에 대한 분석 결과는 준거관련 타당도에 대한 증거를 제공하여 본 연구에서 개발된 척도의 활용가능성을 시사하였다.

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