김훈 소설에서 시간과 윤리 - 『칼의 노래』를 중심으로 = Time and ethic in Kim Hoon’s novel - Focused on 『The Song of Sword』

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Novel is an art of time. Inquiry related to time has important meaning so that time could be a main figure in modern novel. According to Paul Ricoeur, human beings are ultimately temporal beings, so they have to ask for the meaning of time in order to know the meaning of existence of human beings. The meaning of time, that is, meaning of human beings who feel, experience, and act can be explained through story where history and fiction intersect. In this regard, aspects of time depicted in Kim Hoon ‘s historical novels are interpretations of the time of the ancestors who lived at a certain time on this land and those who live in the present.
The aspects of time that are shaped in "The Song of the Sword", one of Kim Hoon ‘s historical novels can be discussed based on the understanding of time by Paul Ricoeur, not the contemporary and dichotomized western traditional view of time. Time theory of Paul Ricoeur is a spectrum formed with both extremities of cosmic time and experienced time, rather than view of time clearly divided in dichotomy. The third time created between both extremities is called as time of human beings. But the time is played variably between cosmic time and experienced time. The first type of the third time is a chronological time, this time is a humanized time by clock and calendar, and history is often told based on this time. The third time created by the fictional story is based on chronological time and conspiracies created on the basis of cosmic time and experienced time, but varies from one work to another and is played variably with a new time again.
The third time created by "Song of Sword" is a swirling time. Yi Sun-sin fought desperately to defend the nation and protect people in the period of cruel war, Japanese invasions of Korea. His experienced time comes and goes to a certain point of the present and past complicatedly without pause as if it corresponds to disorder of the chronological time when the external event proceeds. When dizzy narrative flow where the point of time is specified in 61 times from the beginning to the end of the work is closely observed, you can summarize this vortex in the form of various relationships that occur between the times that Ricoeur identifies. There are four aspects that time relates to each other. That is, aspects in which chronological and experienced time are involved, aspects in which cosmic time and experienced time are unified, aspects in which cosmic time and experienced time are cut by destructive chronological time, aspects in which cosmic time, experienced time, and chronological are articulated.
Each relational aspects of such four times can be time of human beings developed in the work. Especially, time of articulation which is the fourth aspects is connected to ethic told by 『Song of Sword』. The experienced time of Yi Sun-sin is time of body rather than inner time as shown on western thinking history or novel history. Of course, consciousness related to body appears together with senses of body but its consciousness is always related to senses of body. Ethic directed by Yi Sun-sin or works is associated with pain of body. This is because the ethic comes from pain of body and experience of death.
In order to turn the chronological time of the confused and incomprehensible rulers into compatibility of an understandable life,the harmony among cosmic time, experienced time, and chronological time is best, but the best is hardly realized. The second best that can be taken by helpless individuals is the life and death to accept the time around but to maintain the unity of my life in relation to my time, and to have the ‘unbearable mind’ or ‘mind that cannot do something (不忍之心)’ for the others with absolutely helpless body.
Ethic for the helpless about swirling human time. This is the very time and ethic of human beings living today that responds to the past which "Song of Sword" symbolizes.

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