대한민국 법원에 의한 인권조약의 이행 = The Enforcement of Human Rights Treaties in Korean Courts

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Republic of Korea has been a party to most important human rights treaties, in general, through the consent to ratification in the National Assembly. Our country has the obligation to perform these treaties in good faith under international law and these treaties have the same effects as domestic law under the article 6(1) of the Constitution. However, in case of human rights treaties which impose absolute and objective obligations, apart from general treaties which regulate reciprocal and contractual obligations, it may be an issue to regard, in particular, the fundamental human rights treaties which have the status of jus cogens as simple law. In order to prevent the invalidity of human rights treaties by the rule of lex posterior on the one hand, and to prevent the unconstitutionality by the legal interpretation that includes the Constitution in the domestic law terms on the other hand, the writer thinks that it is a good solution for our courts to interpret human rights treaties as having the constitutional value or the status over law, according to the recent German Federal Constitutional Court decision based on the principle of the rule of law. Until now the Korean courts have never or little accepted the self-executing of human rights treaties and applied human rights treaties to their judgments. Therefore, it is in urgent necessary that we should not only promote education on international law and human rights to our jurists in a short period but also carry out long-term comprehensive and systematic human rights education to normal people as a whole, so as to solve these problems. Besides, with respect to individual petition recognized as the most effective human rights protection mechanism, our country should introduce the legal process to provide relief in domestic courts when the human rights committee under the ICCPR, including the various human rights committee, decides the human rights violation of our country. The substantial enforcement of human rights treaties relies on the domestic courts and governments, so the author hopes that the Republic of Korea will advance, in a very real sense, human rights, by making a difference in the implementation of human rights treaties.

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