한말 서울 지역 첩의 존재 양식 = Concubines in the Household Register at the End of Chosun

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Descendants of concubines in the Chosun era have been one of the important subjects to be studied for social history students. However, concubines themselves have rarely been sincere target of academic studies. With Hanmal Hansungbu Hojuk, this paper locates concubine households and addresses somewhat basic questions: class and status differences in concubine household heads, and differences of family structure between concubine households and ``common`` households without concubines. The data consist of 11,238 households residents in Seoul area, a part of Hanmal Hojuk, kept in Kyoto University museu. Hanmal Hansungbu Hojuk, so called Sinhojuk(new household register) is very close to modern form of census, collected in 1989, 1903 and 1906, around the end of Chosun dynasty. It was the time when concubines were disappearing legally but they were still registered in household census. According to the Hojuk data, 5.6% of the whole households include concubines, while almost one fifth yangban households include concubines. The higher ranking yangban officials and larger their houses are, the higher proportion of concubines they record. As much as 83.9% of concubine hokling households are Yangban. Concubines do not necessarily co-reside in Bonga(husband``s principal house with legitimate wife). Almost 95% of concubines have their own households, separate from Bonga. Their houses are larger than the average though their family size is smaller. Concubines are registered under more then 20 different names, impling that the role and positions of concubines can be varying or ambiguous. Demographic information of concubines such as age differences between concubines and their household heads or between concubines and legitimate wives demand further investigation regarding functions and services imposed to concubines. This study is just one step toward making invisible women, concubines, visible, requesting further attention to those hidden categories of women in social history.