발육,발달학 : 노인들의 성별과 신체활동 수준이 신체적 기능, 심리적 기능, 그리고 건강관련 삶의 질에 미치는 영향 = The contributions of gender and physical activity levels on physical function, psychological function, and health-related quality of life in the elderly

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of gender and activity level on physical function, psychological function, & health-related quality of life(HRQL) and the relationship among physical/psychological function, & HRQL All subjects who have experienced physical activities over 1 year(male n=90, age=69.83±3.46; female n=118, age=68.91±3.52) were tested on the physical activity levels(frequency/week), physical functions(strength, flexibility, balance, cardiorespiratory endurance, & BMI), psychological functions(depression, self-efficacy, physical-efficacy, & life-satisfaction), & HRQL For data analysis, two-way ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used.First, depending on physical activity levels, the elderly showed significant differences on physical/psychological functions, and HRQL: 1) the physical activity levels affected to most of physical functions except for BMI, the male older adults were significantly better than females older adults on upper/lower-body muscular strength, upper/lower-body flexibility, & agility, but not on stability & cardiorespiratory endurance. 2) The physical activity levels significantly influenced on psychological functions(depression, self-efficacy, physical self-efficacy, life-satisfaction). Meanwhile, male older adults were significantly higher than female older adults on psychological functions. 3) The physical activity levels significantly influenced on the HRQL. Meanwhile, male older adults were significantly higher than female older adults on the HRQL. Second, the elderly showed significant relationships among physical/psychological function, & HRQL: 1) the higher older adults had physical functions(muscular strength, agility, & stability), the better they were on psychological functions(physical self-efficiency & life-satisfaction) & HRQL. 2) The higher they had psychological functions(depression, physical self-efficiency, & life-satisfaction), the better they got HRQL. Therefore, this study may imply that physical activities cause to improve physical functions, psychological functions, and then, in turn, quality of life in the elderly.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "지속적인 운동이 성인의 정신건강에 미치는 영향" 1994

2 "자기능력 지각 유형과 내적 귀인 피드백이 자아효능감과 읽기 성취도에 미치는 영향" 1996

3 "웨이트트레이닝과 써키트 웨이트트레이닝이 신체구성 심박수 및 혈압에 미치는 효과" 2001

4 "운동참여가 신체적 자기효능감과 성 역할 유형 변화에 미치는 영향" 1996

5 "운동과 노화 충북대학교 평생체육연구소 논문집" 1-19, 1996

6 "우리나라에서 노팅검 건강지수의 유용성에 관한 연구" 699-708, 1993

7 "여성의 생활체육 참여와 자아개념 및 신체상과의 관계" 1997

8 "에어로빅 댄스훈련이 70대 노인의 생리적 변인에 미치는 영향" 11-14, 1994

9 "암환자의 자존감과 가족지지 및 질적 삶과의 관계연구" 1998

10 "신체활동과 건강" 도서출판 개신 2002

11 "시설노인의 근력강화운동이 근력 일상생활기능 및 삶의 질에 미치는 효과" 1994

12 "스포츠 활동이 노인의 정신건강에 미치는 영향" 26 (26): 17-23, 1987

13 "성공적 노화와 삶의 질 고령화 사회의 위기와 도전" 나남출판사 1995

14 "사회체육활동과 생활만족의 관계" 1992

15 "대도시 노인의 생활체육 참여와 여가만족 및 생활만족의 관계" 1995

16 "노인의 신체적성과 인지기능간의 관계" 11 (11): 151-166, 2000

17 "노인의 스포츠활동이 신체적인 건강과 우울 상태에 미치는 영향" 63-77, 1999

18 "노인의 생활만족도에 관한 연구" 20 (20): 45-54, 1992

19 "노인의 삶의 의미와 자아존중감 및 정신건강과의 관계 연구" 2002

20 "노인여성들의 운동지속이 신체적 기능과 우울에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구" 2 (2): 48-55, 1998

21 "노인들의 생활체육 활동실태에 대한 조사연구" 2000

22 "규칙적인 운동이 노인들의 인지능력에 미치는 영향" 81-90, 2002

23 "걷기운동 프로그램이 노년기 여성의 신체적 기능과 정서상태에 미치는 효과" 1997

24 "University of Nottingham" University park 1989

25 "Transitory changes in affect and perceived physical well-being in young Medical College of Pennsylvania" Un- published manuscript 1989

26 "Transitory changes in affect and perceived physical well-being in young Medical College of Pennsylvania" Un- published manuscript 1989

27 "To be old and sad" Lexington Books 1987

28 "The contribution of marriage to the psychological well-bing of males and females Journal of Marriage and the Family" 1038-1044, 1998

29 "The contribution of marriage to the psychological well-bing of males and females" 55 : 594-601, 1975

30 "The Contri -bution of Leisure Participation and Leisure Satisfaction to Life Satisfaction of Older Persons Journal of Leisure Research" 295-306, 1982

31 "Senior fitness test manual" 2001

32 "Potential for gross muscle hypertrophy in older men Journal of Gerontology" 672-682, 1980

33 "Physical activities in retirement age Sport in perspective Coaching Association of Canada" 149-151, 1982

34 "Physical Dimensions of Aging" 1995

35 "Perception-action coupling의 운동프로그램이 노인들의 자세조절에 미치는 영향" 2004

36 "Medicine and science in sports and Exercise" 329-337, 1987

37 "Kinematics of recovery from a stumble Journal of Geronto -logy" 97-102, 1993

38 "Issues relating usage and conceptualization of Mental Health Constructs employed by gerontol- ogists Innervation Journal of Aging and Human Development" 395-400, 1980

39 "Influence of aerobic exercise on depression Journal of Personality and Social Psychology" 1142-1147, 1984

40 "Gauging the relationship between self-efficacy judgement and action" 4 : 263-268, 1980

41 "Endurance training in older men and women Cardiovascular response to exercise Journal of Applied Physiology" 1024-1029, 1984

42 "Effect of exercise on simple reaction times of recreational athletes" 232-236, 1993

43 "Effect of exercise on cardiovascular ageing" 5-10, 1998

44 "Development and valid- ation of a physical self-efficacy scale Journal of Personality and Social Psychology" 890-900, 1982

45 "Assessment of Quality of life in Clinical Trials of Cardiovascular Therapies" Le Jacq Publishing 170-183, 1990

46 "Age and sex effects on mobility of the human amkle Journal of Gerontology" 17-21, 1992

47 "A comparison of the effects of three types of endurance training on balance and other fall risk factors in the older adults" 1 112-2 119, 1997