매킨타이어(MacIntyre)의 한국어 문법 기술에 대한 분석

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this study, I performed an analysis of John MacIntyre(1837～1905)’s description of Korean grammar in MacIntyre(1879～1881). He focused on ‘T‘o’(토): reading signs added to classical Chinese phrases in their Korean translation, including case particles and conjugation forms in Korean. Observing the usage of ‘T‘o’, he views the Korean language is distinct from the Chinese language because of its own grammatical construction and agglutinative feature. The main contents are as follows.
1. ‘T‘o’ shows the unique feature of Korean language through its role as a syntactical device that marks the case, the mood, the tense, and the relation between phrases and sentences.
2. ‘T‘o’ is a particle to determine the case of noun which has a distinct form and usage for each case: the nominative; the genitive; the accusative; the dative; the ablative case.
3. Particles taken as ‘verbal T‘o’’ are incorporated to the endings of general verbs to express the punctuation and rhythm, mood and tense, interrogation, exclamation and so on.
4. In the Korean language, no morphological distinction for person and number appears but expressions of civility can vary according to the participants’ social position.
5. When it comes to ‘verbal T‘o’’, the morphological distinction for person seems to be divided into three different classes like inferior, equal and superior and each class is equivalent to common and middle, higher form.
6. All the basic forms of Korean verbs end with ‘ㄹ’. But as for conjugation endings, both of root forms as basic forms and abstract forms as variation do exist.
7. The mood of verbs with conjugation is classified into the indicative, the imperative, the infinitive, the conditional, the optative and so forth.
8. The tense of a verb in the indicative would be divided into present, past, future, and the future-perfect.
9. There are direct and indirect quotations as for the narrative form with ‘더’.
Judging from the above, we can understand that MacIntyer made a close description about Korean case particles and verb conjugations as various grammatical forms in Korean language, based on ‘T‘o’ which emerges when Koreans read Chinese phrases. Because of the deeper interpretation of various grammatical forms of Korean language beyond a mere study, the value of MacIntyre(1879～1881) is much appreciated in the history of Korean grammar study.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 국문 초록
• 1. 들어가기
• 2. 주요 활동과 문헌 해제
• 3. ‘토’에 기반한 해석
• 4. 명사와 격 표지
• 5. 동사와 활용형
• 6. 맺음말
• 참고문헌
• abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 서민정, "한국어 문법 형성기에 반영된 서구 중심적 관점" 한글학회 (288) : 149-169, 2010

2 우형식, "한국어 명사 후치 표현의 형태 범주와 기능 -서양인의 한국어 문법 기술을 중심으로" 인문학연구소 85 : 177-214, 2018

3 김양선, "한국기독교회사연구" 기독교문사 1971

4 박용규, "한국기독교회사 I(1784～1919)" 생명의말씀사 2004

5 송기중, "한국근대사회와 문화－19세기 말에서 20세기 초를 중심으로" 서울대 출판부 2006

6 백낙준, "한국개신교사 1832～1910" 연세대 출판부 1973

7 최호철, "외국인의 한국어 연구" 경진문화사 2005

8 이환묵, "영어 전통문법" 아르케 1999

9 Dallet, C., "역대한국어문법대계 2-21" 탑출판사 1977

10 Ridel, F.-C., "역대한국어문법대계 2-19" 탑출판사 1977

11 Gale, J. S., "역대한국어문법대계 2-14" 탑출판사 1977

12 Underwood, H. G., "역대한국어문법대계 2-11" 탑출판사 1977

13 Ross, J., "역대한국어문법대계 2-06" 탑출판사 1977

14 MacIntyre, J., "역대한국어문법대계 2-05" 탑출판사 1977

15 MacIntyre, J., "역대한국어문법대계 2-05" 탑출판사 1977

16 Ross, J., "역대한국어문법대계 2-02" 탑출판사 1977

17 김민수, "역대한국문법대계" 탑출판사 1986

18 대한성서공회, "대한성서공회사－I 조직․성장과 수난" 대한성서공회 1993

19 최명옥, "국어학논총－소당 천시권 박사 회갑기념논문집" 형설출판사 1985

20 고영근, "국어문법의 연구－그 어제와 오늘" 탑출판사 1983

21 서울대 동아문화연구소, "국어국문학사전" 신구문화사 1980

22 이남윤, "개화기 서양인에 의한 한국어 연구 검토" 한국언어문학교육학회 16 : 2006

23 이응호, "Ross 목사가 쓴 Corean Primer에 대하여" 명지대 국어국문학회 11 : 1979

24 김정현, "John Ross－한국의 첫 선교사" 계명대 출판부 1982

25 이응호, "19세기 중국 개신교 선교사들의 한국어 연구" 명지대 출판부 13 : 1982

26 김인택, "19세기 전반기 서양인의 한국어 문법에 대한 기술" 인문학연구소 77 : 136-166, 2015

27 우형식, "19세기 서양인의 한국어 문법 연구" 우리말학회 (45) : 5-40, 2016