Ethiopian Agricultural Extension System -The Past Experience, Present Status and Future Direction－

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Agricultural extension service in Ethiopia was started in early 1950s withmandate of transferring local research outputs and technologies to farmers, andimporting technologies and improved practices from abroad. Extension serviceprovided in this early time was limited to areas surrounding the experimentstations. Since then, Ethiopian Agricultural extension service has passed throughat least five stages: the land grant extension system, the ComprehensivePackage Programs, the Minimum Package Projects, the Peasant AgriculturalDevelopment Program, and the Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension System (PADETS). The comprehensive package extension programwas initially implemented in selected pilot areas and eventually to be scaled upto cover about 90% of the farming community within 15–20 years time. Theprogram used demonstration plots managed by development agents and used totrain farmers organized through various field days. However, since all of theseprograms were operational in only small areas, the vast majority of the countrywas out of their reach. Through Participatory Demonstration and TrainingExtension System, the extension service in Ethiopia has come under thespotlight and government debates and external reviews are putting additionalscrutiny on the system. Despite this long history, the system is still in itsinfancy in terms of coverage, communication and institutional pluralism. Currentlyin Ethiopia the Agricultural extension is provided primarily by the public sector,operating in a decentralized manner through which extension is implemented atthe district level. Therefore, the main focus of this paper is to scrutinize thepast, the present and the future Agricultural extension system in Ethiopia.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Birhanu, K., "The political economy of agricultural extension in Ethiopia: Economic growth and political control" UK Department for International Development 2012

2 Ashworth, V., "The challenges of change for agricultural extension in Ethiopia: A discussion paper" Addis Ababa 2005

3 Ahmed, S., "The Next Steps in Scaling up and Scaling out Improved Agricultural Technologies in Ethiopia" Addis Abeba 237-249, 2006

4 Alemu, D., "The National Extension Intervention Program (NIEP) and sustainable agricultural development: An exploratory study to steer the debate on ADLI" Addis Ababa 2005

5 Abate, H., "Review of Extension Systems Applied in Ethiopia with Special emphasis to the Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension System, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations" Addis Ababa 2007

6 Benin, S., "Policies and programs affecting land management practices, input use, and productivity in the highlands of Amhara Region, Ethiopia" IFPRI 2006

7 Asfaw, S., "Impact of modern agricultural technologies on smallholder welfare: Evidence from Tanzania and Ethiopia" 37 : 283-295, 2012

8 EEA(Ethiopian Economic Association), "Evaluation of the Ethiopian agricultural extension with particular emphasis on the Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension System (PADETES)" Ethiopian Economic Association 2006

9 Asres, E., "Effect of Agricultural Extension Program on Smallholders’ Farm Productivity: Evidence from Three Peasant Associations in the Highlands of Ethiopia" 5 (5): 163-181, 2013

10 Berhanu, G., "Commercialization of Ethiopian agriculture: Extension service from input supplier to knowledge broker and facilitator" ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute) 36-, 2006

11 Belay, K., "Challenges Facing Agricultural Extension Agents: A Case Study from South Western Ethiopia" 16 (16): 139-168, 2004

12 Staatz, J., "Agriculture for development in sub-saharan Africa" World Bank 2007