진언수행(신묘장구대다라니)의 심신치유 효과에 관한 사례연구 = Case studies regarding the effect of Korean Traditional Buddhist Mantra Meditation on Physical and Mental Relaxation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this study, Korean Traditional Buddhist Mantra Meditation using the maha dhārani(神妙長句久大多羅尼), one of the Korean traditional mantras, was tested whether it may have physical and mental relaxation effect. Many of Buddhist meditation techniques have been adopted to many fields including not only counselling but clinical approach. Mindfulness-based programs including MBSR, MBCT, ACT, and DBT have been widely used and spreaded through out the world. Scientific research has played the key role in their application in many departments.
Although there are many supreme meditation techniques in Korea, few of them have been adapted to counselling programs. The Thousand-armed Avalokiteśvara Sūtra is the most famous Korean sutra. The maha dhārani(神妙長句久大多羅尼), the main mantra in which is one of the most popular Buddhist mantras in Korea. Recitation of the maha dhārani(神妙長句久大多羅尼) is similar to that of TM which many scientific research have been accumulated in.
Three volunteers who have been Buddhists for years were collected for the mantra recitation to be practiced for three hours. Before and after the maha dhārani(神妙長句久大多羅尼) practice, EEG(electroencephalogram) of the participates were measured and eight quotients were calculated from them. As a result some of the quotients increased, and others decreased. But BQ, which shows the final brain condition, increased for all of the three participates.
To add the experiential and qualitative meaning to the scientific data, narrative inquiry was gathered from the participates and combined with those quotients. Here are the summary of final results for three participates.
All of the eight quotients except left-BRQ increased for A after the practice. According to A, after the maha dhārani(神妙長句久大多羅尼) practice, A 'felt more relieved and mentally relaxed' and 'got positive physical feelings'.
B reported that she has been practicing mantra meditation everyday for a year. Before the practice, EEG and the quotients of B showed the best condition among the three. However only right-BRQ and left-ACQ among the quotients improved after 3 hour mantra practice. Although EEG suggested that B take a rest instead of 3 hour practice, B reported that B 'felt more relieved after the practice in comparison to the physical condition'.
EEG and quotients of C after the practice showed almost similar or slightly decreasing compared to before the practice. Before the practice, C felt 'tired', 'nervous about the EEG test', and 'worried about the EEG result because her vestibular organs were in trouble.' After 3 hour's practice C felt 'more calm and quiet in mind.'
From those three case studies, we can draw some conclusions. First, Korean Traditional Buddhist Mantra Meditation has the effect of reducing stress level. Second, daily practice of mantra meditation may contribute to physical and mental fitness. Third, mantra meditation helps the practitioner relax mentally in spite of the physical tiredness.
This study is the first trial of EEG and narrative inquiry using the Korean traditional Buddhist mantra meditation. Although this study has many shortages, it may initiate the scientific research and application of Korean Buddhist mantra meditation.
Key words: mantra, meditation, maha dhārani(神妙長句久大多羅尼), EEG(electroencephalogram), Thousand-armed Avalokiteśvara Sūtra

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 = 1
• 2. 연구 방법 및 연구 진행 = 4
• 3. 연구의 제한점 = 5
• 4. 용어의 정의 = 5
• 1) 불교상담 = 5
• 2) 진언수행, 염불수행, 만트라명상 = 6
• 3) 뇌파 = 7
• II. 이론적 배경 = 9
• 1. 불교상담 = 9
• 1) 역사적 배경 = 9
• 2) 불교상담 프로그램 = 10
• 3) 국내 불교상담 프로그램 = 12
• 4) 불교상담에 적용되는 명상의 특징 = 13
• 2. 불교명상의 효과에 관한 연구 = 15
• 1) 불교상담 프로그램의 효과에 관한 연구 = 15
• 2) 명상의 효과에 관한 연구 = 16
• 3) 뇌파에 관한 연구 = 18
• 3. 선행 연구 고찰 = 19
• 1) 진언수행, 염불수행, 만트라명상의 효과에 관한 연구 = 19
• III. 연구 방법 = 23
• 1. 연구 대상 = 23
• 2. 연구 설계 = 23
• 3. 뇌파 측정 및 뇌기능 분석 = 24
• 1) 뇌파 측정기 = 24
• 2) 뇌파 측정 = 26
• 3) 뇌기능 분석 = 27
• IV. 연구 결과 = 34
• 1. 진언수행 전후 뇌파 비교 = 34
• 2. 수행체험에 대한 참가자별 내러티브 탐구 = 38
• 1) 참가자 A의 경험이야기 = 39
• 2) 참가자 B의 경험이야기 = 40
• 3) 참가자 C의 경험이야기 = 42
• 3. 연구 결과 논의 = 43
• V. 결론 및 제언 = 46
• 1. 결론 = 46
• 2. 제언 = 47
• 참고 문헌 = 49
• Abstract = 56