주희의 복괘설(復卦說)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Commentary of the Judgement in the hexagram of Fu(復) of I Ching notes In the hexagram of Fu one sees the mind of heaven and earth: here, since Fu denotes the human mind (心) and the mind of heaven and earth denotes the human nature (性), the interpretation of this phrase cannot but reflect the essence of one`s philosophy. Zhang Zai (張載) regards ``absolute tranquility`` (至靜) as the mind of heaven and earth. However, because absolute tranquility cannot exist in the reality, he attempts to search for the mind of heaven and earth in Fu instead, where movement is at its slightest, but actual. The assertion that human emotion can never be reliable is contained in his tranquility-centered theory (主靜主義). Cheng Yi (程?), on the other hand, projects the sprout that shoots forth against the cold as Fu, and strives to see the mind of heaven and earth in the life-force that exists even in the desert and glacier. In his movement-centered theory that considers the budding blossoms as the supreme good, it is mainly asserted that nothing can be good unless it is in movement. Zhu Xi (朱熹), while succeeding the legacy of Cheng Yi`s movement-centered theory, argues that the human goodness is not something that can be issued forth out of nowhere, but must be cultivated carefully in order to be poured forth like spring water. To buttress such an argument, he builds a theoretical framework that allows both cases, one being the human mind manifests itself to oneself and the other that does not. In Zhu Xi`s interpretation of Fu, which denotes November of lunar calender setting winter solstice at its center, he places what is before the winter solstice as wei-fa (未發, before-issuance) and after the winter solstice as yi-fa (已發, after-issuance), reflecting the structure of mind that comprises of both wei-fa and yi-fa.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 陣來, "주희의 철학" 예문서원 2002

2 한자경, "주희 철학에서 未發時 知覺의 의미" 철학사상연구소 (21) : 23-52, 2005

3 손영식, "이성과 현실" 울산대학교 출판부 1999

4 이봉규, "성리학에서 미발의 철학적 문제와 17세기 기호학파의 견해" 한국사상사학회 13 : 1999

5 문석윤, "退溪의 ‘未發’論" 퇴계학연구원 114 : 1-44, 2003

6 朱熹, "近思錄"

7 張載, "横渠易說"

8 朱熹, "朱子語類"

9 朱熹, "晦庵集"

10 王弼, "周易註疎"

11 朱熹, "周易本義"

12 程頤, "伊川易傳"

13 程頤, "二程遺書"

14 朱熹, "中庸或問"