Super304H steel is an improved version of high-temperature material developed from an 18Cr-8Ni austenitic stainless steel. Significantly enhancement was achieved in creep strength by adding Cu, Nb, and N to 18Cr-8Ni steel. With excellent corrosion/oxi...
Super304H steel is an improved version of high-temperature material developed from an 18Cr-8Ni austenitic stainless steel. Significantly enhancement was achieved in creep strength by adding Cu, Nb, and N to 18Cr-8Ni steel. With excellent corrosion/oxidation resistance and mechanical properties at high temperature, Super304H steel has been widely used in thermal power plants. With long-term serviced and aged materials of Super304H steel, creep properties and microstructural characteristics were investigated in this study.
Series of small punch (SP) creep tests were performed under various loads in the range from 400 to 500 N at temperature 650oC for the virgin and service-exposed Super304H steel materials after 54,750 h and 68,550 h. Using the SP creep curves obtained, the Larson-Miller parameter (LMP) and Norton’s secondary creep power law were used to analyze the test results. The creep rupture strength was compared among the virgin and service-exposed materials in terms of LMP. The creep rupture time of the 68,550 h serviced material was shorter than that of the virgin and 54,750 h serviced materials in the low load levels, suggesting the possibility of creep damage early. Based on metallurgical analysis results, the coarsening of the M23C6 precipitates along grain boundaries created an adjacent Cr-depleted zone that caused the formation of creep cavities. These microstructural degradations were caused the reduction in the creep rupture strength of service-exposed materials.
In order to evaluate the relationship between SP creep test and miniature tensile creep test, a set of empirical equations that can convert SP applied loads (N) into equivalent stresses (MPa) and punch displacement rates (mm/h) into equivalent creep strain rate (1/h) was established. Using conversion equations, it is shown that creep constants obtained from the SP creep test are in a good agreement with those from the miniature tensile creep test. Moreover, the ratio between SP load and equivalent stress tends to increase with the increase in service time.
In addition, creep rupture life can be predicted using the Larson-Miller parameter and Monkman-Grant relation. After long-term service, microstructural changes were estimated by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, field-emission electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis.