툴루세 시대의 바이오아트 = Bioart in the Chthulucene

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

How should we live in an era of crisis in the 21st century, when the extinction of species and climate change caused by human activities threaten the future of the planet? To these questions, a well-known feminist science studies scholar Donna Haraway presents the concept of the ‘Chthulucene’, which chooses to stay with troubles and imagines the future of tomorrow by shaping new kinds of relationships with various human beings, animals, and non-human beings. This paper tries to reinterpret three well-known bioart works by using an insight of ‘biophilosophy’ of the philosopher Eugene Thacker, which understands life as a process that constantly changes in a complex network, as well as the sympoietic view of life of the Chthulucene. This re-examination of bioart works will bring a richer and more practical interpretation of contemporary bioart.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

인간의 활동으로 생물종이 멸종하고, 기후변화가 지구의 미래를 위협하는 21세기 위기의 시대를 우리는 어떻게 살아가야 하는가? 이러한 질문에 대해 페미니스트 과학기술학자 해러웨이(Donna Haraway)는 다양한 존재들과 새로운 종류의 관계 맺기를 통해 골칫거리들을 끌어안고 바로 내일의 미래를 상상해나가는 ‘툴루세’(Chthulucene) 개념을 그 답으로 제시한다. 본 연구는 생명을 복잡한 연결망 속에서 끊임없이 변화하는 과정으로 이해하는 철학자 태커(Eugene Thacker)의 바이오필로소피(biophilosophy)의 생명관과 이와 맥을 함께 하는 툴루세의 공동생성(sympoiesis)의 생명관을 통해 기존에 널리 알려진 바이오아트 작품 세 편을 재해석한다. 이러한 방식으로 바이오아트 작품들을 재조명해 보는 것은 바이오아트의 수행이 현대에 지니는 함의에 대한 더욱 풍부하고 실천적인 해석을 가능하게 할 것이다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론
• II. 툴루세의 바이오(bio): 공동생성, 반려종과 ‘돌봄’의 관계론
• III. 바이오아트와 바이오필로소피(biophilosophy)
• IV. 툴루세의 관점에서 다시 해석한 바이오아트
• V. 결론
• 참고문헌
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 홍성욱, "포스트휴먼 오디세이" 휴머니스트 2019

2 신진환, "인류세와 지속가능한 생존" 한국윤리학회 1 (1): 159-180, 2019

3 Irigaray, L, "식물의 사유: 식물 존재에 관한 두 철학자의 대화" 알렙 2020

4 전혜숙, "생명의 감시와통제를 비판하는 바이오아트" 한국미술이론학회 (21) : 158-189, 2016

5 신승철, "생명윤리의 저편? 바이오 아트의 비판적 실천" 현대미술사학회 (33) : 167-198, 2013

6 이소요, "관리, 돌봄, 배려 - 예술 속 생물 미디어 사례를 중심으로" 한국영상학회 15 (15): 59-73, 2017

7 "the tissue culture & art project"

8 Vaage, N. S., "What Ethics for Bioart?" 10 (10): 87-104, 2016

9 Baker, S., "We Have Always Been Transgenic" 20 (20): 35-48, 2006

10 Shcheglovitova, M., "Valuing Plants in Devalued Spaces: Caring for Baltimore’s Street trees" 3 (3): 228-245, 2020

11 de La Bellacasa, M. P., "Touching Technologies, Touching Visions : The Reclaiming of Sensorial Experience and the Politics of Speculative Thinking" 28 (28): 297-315, 2009

12 Crutzen, P. J., "The ‘Anthropocene’" 41 : 17-18, 2000

13 Catts, O., "The Vitality of Matter and the Instrumentalisation of Life" 83 (83): 70-75, 2013

14 Mindell, D. P., "The Tree of Life: Metaphor, Model, and Heuristic Device" 62 : 479-489, 2013

15 Margulis, L, "The Symbiotic Planet: A New Look at Evolution" Basic Books 1998

16 Lovelock, J, "The Revenge of Gaia: Earth’s Climate Crisis and the Fate of Humanity" Basic Books 2006

17 Yi, D, "The Recombinant University: Genetic Engineering and the Emergence of Stanford Biotechnology" University of Chicago Press 2015

18 Thacker, E, "The Global Genome: Biotechnology, Politics, and Culture" MIT Press 2005

19 Zurr, I., "The Ethical Claims of Bio Art: Killing the Other or Selfcannibalism?" 5 (5): 167-188, 2004

20 Machado, A., "The Eighth Day: The Transgenic Art of Eduardo Kac" Institute for Studies in the Arts, Arizona State University 87-95, 2003

21 Haraway, D. J, "The Companion Species Manifesto: Dogs, People, and Significant Otherness" Prickly Paradigm Press 2003

22 Dixon, D. P., "The Blade and the Claw : Science, Art and the Creation of the Lab-borne Monster" 9 (9): 671-692, 2008

23 Bar-On, Y. M., "The Biomass Distribution on Earth" 115 (115): 6506-6511, 2018

24 Jagodzinski, J., "Synnt/Origins Special Issue: Bio/Art/Education" 13-25, 2015

25 Haraway, D, "Staying with the Trouble: Making kin in the Chthulucene" Duke University Press 2016

26 Sardar, Z, "Society’s Signposts / Natalie Jeremijenko’s Trees Aren’t Simply Decorative —They Can Be Read Like a Social Register"

27 Blocker, J., "Seeing Witness: Visuality and the Ethics of Testimony" University of Minnesota Press 87-102, 2009

28 Chapple, B., "Second Nature:Origins and Originality in Art, Science, and New Media" AXL Books 59-76, 2011

29 Senior, A., "Relics of Bioart: Ethics and Messianic Aesthetics in Performance Documentation" 66 (66): 183-205, 2014

30 McHugh, S., "Real Artificial: Tissue-cultured Meet, Genetically Modified Farm Animals, and Fictions" 18 (18): 181-197, 2010

31 Haraway, D. J., "Queering the Non/Human" Ashgate Publishing 23-36, 2008

32 Palladino, P., "Picturing the Messianic: Agamben and Titian’s The Nymph and the Shepherd" 27 (27): 94-109, 2010

33 Shea, E., "OneTrees: The forgotten tree art project"

34 Jeremijenko, N., "OneTree"

35 de La Bellacasa, M. P., "Matters of Care: Speculative Ethics in More Than Human Worlds" University of Minnesota Press 2017

36 de La Bellacasa, M. P., "Matters of Care in Technoscience : Assembling Neglected Things" 41 (41): 85-106, 2011

37 Moser, I., "Making Alzheimer’s Disease Matter: Enacting, Interfering, Doing Politics of Nature" 39 (39): 98-110, 2008

38 Gigliotti, C., "Leonardo’s Choice : the Ethics of Artists Working with Genetic Technologies" 20 (20): 22-34, 2006

39 Driessen, C. P. G., "Key Thinkers on Cities" Sage Publications 141-146, 2017

40 Montagnino, F. M., "Joseph Beuys’ Rediscovery of Man-Nature Relationship: A Pinoeering Experience of Open Social Innovation" 66-82, 2018

41 Scholz, N., "Joseph Beuys: 7000 Oaks in Kassel" 25 : 31-35, 1986

42 Houdebine, L. M., "Impacts of Genetically Modified Animals on the Ecosystem and Human Activities" 25 (25): 3-18, 2014

43 Desai, S., "Haste and Waste in the City: Rekindling Care About and For Trees in Another Time" 43 (43): 165-195, 2017

44 Catts, O., "Growing Semi-Living Structures: Concepts and Practices for the Use of Tissue Technologies for Non-Medical Purposes" 78 (78): 30-35, 2008

45 Tomasula, S., "Genetic Art and the Aesthetics of Biology" 35 (35): 137-144, 2002

46 Lovelock, J. E, "Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth" Oxford University Press 1979

47 Lovelock, J. E., "Gaia as Seen Through the Atmosphere" 6 (6): 579-580, 1972

48 Kac, E., "GFP Bunny" 36 (36): 97-102, 2003

49 Becker, C., "GFP Bunny" 59 (59): 45-47, 2000

50 Kac, E, "GFP Bunny"

51 Vaage, N. S., "Fringe Biotechnology" 12 (12): 109-131, 2017

52 Zylinska, J., "Ethics and the Arts" Springer 191-200, 2014

53 Slawson, K., "Eduardo Kac’s GFP Bunny, a Work of Transgenic Art, or, It’s Not Easy Being Green"

54 Blok, V., "Earthing Technology: Towards an Eco-centric Concept of Biomimetic Technologies in the Anthropocene" 21 (21): 114-126, 2017

55 Dumitriu A., "Cybernetic Bacteria 2.0" 44 (44): 264-265, 2011

56 Weintraub, L., "Curator - Anthropologist/Ethnographer - Artist: Katherine Carl and Natalie Jeremijenko Interviewed by Linda Weintraub" 17 (17): 198-217, 2015

57 Lynch, L., "Culturing the Pleebland: The Idea of the “Public” in Genetic Art" 26 (26): 180-206, 2007

58 Thacker, E, "Critical Digital Studies: A reader" University of Toronto Press 132-142, 2008

59 Harthoorn, K., "Critical Bioart and Postcapitalist Ethics" 11 (11): 17-25, 2019

60 Thacker, E, "Creative Biotechnology: A User’s Manual" L+ Publishing 2004

61 Harbers, H., "Care in Practice: On Tinkering in Clinics, Homes and Farms" Transcript Verlag 141-170, 2010

62 Mol, A., "Care in Practice: On Tinkering in Clinics, Homes and Farms" Transcript Verlag 2010

63 Byerley, A, "Biotech Aesthetics: Exploring the Practice of Bio Art" 21 (21): 197-216, 2015

64 Mitchell, R, "Bioart and the Vitality of Media" University of Washington Press 2010

65 Stracey, F., "Bio-art: The Ethics Behind the Aesthetics" 10 : 496-500, 2009

66 Kac, E, "Bio Art"

67 Strauss, D. L., "Beuys in Ireland: 7000 Oaks on the Hill of Uisneach" 31 (31): 101-104, 2006

68 Lovelock, J. E., "Atmospheric Dimethyl Sulphide and the Natural Sulphur Cycle" 237 : 452-453, 1972

69 Baker, S., "Artist Animal" University of Minnesota Press 227-239, 2012

70 Davis, J., "Anthropocene, Capitalocene, … Plantationocene?: A Manifesto for Ecological Justice in an Age of Global Crises" 13 (13): e12438-, 2019

71 Haraway, D. J., "Anthropocene, Capitalocene, Plantationocene, Chthulucene: Making Kin" 6 (6): 159-165, 2015

72 Moore, J. W., "Anthropocene or Capitalocene? Nature, History, and the Crisis of Capitalism" PM Press 1-11, 2016