Fighting corruption at school : a study of user satisfaction, transparency, accountability, and trust through online school procurement system in Indonesia

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

ABSTRACT

Fighting Corruption at School: A Study of User Satisfaction, Transparency, Accountability, and Trust through Online School Procurement System in Indonesia


Moch. Bambang Sulistio
Global Master of e-Government and Public Management (GMeGM)
Graduate School of Public Administration
Yonsei University

The provision of goods and services in education sector is plagued by high levels of corruption in Indonesia, resulting to substandard facilities for the student that affect the quality of education. The implementation of e-procurement is considered to be one of solutions to the rampant problem of corruption and to implement good governance. This study examines user satisfaction, transparency, accountability, and anti-corruption perception in relation to trust in government through the school online procurement system (SIPLah) in Indonesia. The author investigates the relationship between these variables by conducting an online survey of users with prior experience with the system. A total of 425 valid respondents representing seven different cities and six islands joined the survey and analyzed it through SEM. The outcome in this study indicated that user satisfaction and transparency of the system correlated to intention to use of the system. In addition, when the current users intend to use the system in the future, trust in government is powerfully built with the 13,353-increase t-value per unit. The author also found that accountability is correlated to anti-corruption perception, and trust in government has also escalated with high anti-corruption perception. Surprisingly, user satisfaction and perceived transparency were found to not correlate with anti-corruption perception.

Keywords: corruption and e-procurement; transparency and e-procurement; accountability and e-procurement; trust and e-procurement

국문 초록 (Abstract)

국문초록

전자정부 및 공공 관리 석사 학위 프로그램
행정학과, 대학원
연세대학교
학교 부패 척결: 인도네시아 온라인 학교 조달시스템을 통한 이용자 만족도, 투명성, 책임성, 신뢰도에 관한 연구

교육 분야의 상품과 서비스 공급은 인도네시아의 높은 부패 수준으로 인해 어려움을 겪고 있으며, 이는 교육의 질에 영향을 미치는 수준 이하의 학생을 위한 시설로 이어진다. 전자조달 (e-procurement) 시행은 만연한 부패 문제 해결 방안 중 하나이자 굿 거버넌스 (good governance)를 구현하기 위한 방안으로 간주되고 있다. 본 연구는 인도네시아 학교 온라인 조달 시스템 (school online procurement system; SIPLah)을 통해 정부 신뢰와 관련된 이용자 만족도, 투명성, 책임, 반부패 인식 등을 검토한다. 저자는 이 시스템에 대한 사전 경험이 있는 사용자를 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하여 이 변수들 간의 관계를 조사한다. 이 설문조사에는 7개 시, 6개 섬을 대표하는 총 425명의 유효 응답자가 참여했고, 이를 SEM을 통해 분석했다. 본 연구의 결과는 이 시스템의 사용자 만족도와 투명성이 해당 시스템의 사용 의사와 관련이 있음을 나타냈다. 또한 현재 이용자들이 향후 이 시스템을 이용할 의사가 있을 때 단위당 13,353 증가 t-값으로 강력한 정부 신뢰가 구축된다. 저자는 또한 책임이 반부패 인식과 상관관계가 있고, 반부패 인식이 높아지면서 정부에 대한 신뢰 또한 높아졌다는 사실을 발견했다. 놀랍게도, 사용자 만족도와 인지된 투명성은 반부패 인식과는 상관관계가 없는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

핵심어: 부패와 전자 조달 (e-procurement); 투명성과 전자 조달; 책임과 전자 조달; 신뢰와 전자 조달

목차 (Table of Contents)

• TABLE AND CONTENTS
• ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv
• TABLE AND CONTENTS v
• LIST OF TABLES viii
• LIST OF FIGURES ix
• LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS x
• ABSTRACT xi
• CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
• 1.1 Background of the Study 1
• 1.2 Research Questions 5
• 1.3 Objective of Study 5
• 1.4 Contributions of The Study 6
• 1.5 Methodology 7
• 1.6 Outline of the Study 8
• CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 9
• 2.1 User Satisfaction 9
• 2.1.1 Information System Success Model 10
• 2.1.2 e-Government Service Quality 13
• 2.1.3 e-Service Quality Model 18
• 2.2 Perceived Transparency 25
• 2.3 Perceived Accountability 27
• 2.3.1 Accountability in Public Sector 27
• 2.3.2 Dimension of Accountability 28
• 2.4 Intention to use 31
• 2.5 Anti-corruption perception 31
• 2.6 Trust in Government 35
• 2.6.1 Concept of Trustworthiness 37
• 2.6.2 Concept of Trust 37
• CHAPTER 3. CASE OF INDONESIA: E-PROCUREMENT IN EDUCATION SECTOR 38
• 3.1 e-Procurement system 38
• 3.2 e-Procurement in Public Sector 44
• 3.3 Background of Indonesia’s Education Procurement System (SIPLah) 47
• 3.4 Overview of SIPLah 50
• 3.5 Business Process of School Online Procurement System 53
• 3.6 SIPlah Stakeholders 54
• 3.7 Features of SIPLah 55
• 3.8 Benefit of SIPLah 56
• 3.8.1 For School 56
• 3.8.2 For Vendor 56
• CHAPTER 4. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 58
• 4.1 Theoretical Framework 58
• 4.2 Variables and Hypotheses Building 63
• 4.2.1 User Satisfaction 63
• 4.2.2 Perceived Transparency 64
• 4.2.3 Perceived Accountability 66
• 4.2.4 Intention to use 68
• 4.2.5 Anti-corruption perception 69
• 4.3 Operational Variables 70
• CHAPTER 5. RESEARCH DESIGN AND ANALYSIS 74
• 5.1 Source of Data and Collection Mechanism 74
• 5.2 Sampling Techniques and Sample Size 75
• 5.3 Respondent Characteristics 77
• 5.3 Descriptive Statistics of the Variable 83
• 5.4 Pearson Correlation Table 83
• 5.5 Validity and Reliability Testing for the Questionnaire (Pilot Test) 84
• 5.5 Validity and Reliability Testing for the Questionnaire (Full Sample) 90
• 5.6 Overall Model Fit Analysis 91
• 5.7 Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Analysis 93
• 5.8 Hypothesis Testing 94
• 5.9 Additional Survey for Teacher and Parents 102
• CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 106
• 6.1 Conclusion 106
• 6.2 Theoretical Implications 109
• 6.3 Policy Recommendations 110
• 6.4 Limitations and Further Study 116
• REFERENCES 118
• APPENDIX 138