In order to find out the possibility of specialization and countermeasures of apple farms in Gangwon Province due to climate change, this study examined the changes in climate change and further analyzed the trends of apple industry, compared and anal...
In order to find out the possibility of specialization and countermeasures of apple farms in Gangwon Province due to climate change, this study examined the changes in climate change and further analyzed the trends of apple industry, compared and analyzed the management performance of apples, and investigated the cases of individual farms. In addition, a survey of farmers for their ability to adapt to apple climate change was conducted to provide policy implications by analyzing the perception and response factors of apple farmers in Gangwon Province.
Although the specialized coefficient of apples in Gangwon Province was still small at 0.32 in 2015, it quadrupled from 0.08 in 2005, confirming that the growth rate was the biggest growth potential among the surveyed crops. If we look at the production volume and price of apples, prices between 16 and 18 are lower than similar production levels between 11 and 15. In other words, it can be confirmed that demand for apples has shrunk. For the competitiveness of the domestic apple industry and long-term development, the government should develop the rear industry, including public relations and marketing strategies to boost the shrinking demand for apples and the development of various processed products. In 2015, the distribution of farms by apple cultivation was 44.8% under 0.5ha, and 28.8% of 0.5 to 1.0ha, which is 73.6% of the total, which does not reach the level of apple management. In order to improve the competitiveness of the apple industry, scale should be actively promoted in a policy-based manner so that the benefits of economies of scale and specialization can be gained.
The production cost per 10a apples in Gangwon Province is 7 percent lower than in the country. By tree, the cost of amortization of large farming tools is low, as there are relatively many orchards whose conditions are limited to the use of large farming machines. Based on the structure of production costs, the creation of new orchards in Gangwon-do should take into account possible land conditions for large farming machines. The income of each type of liquor by region is 15 percent higher than that of Hong-ro in North Gyeongsang Province, but Hong-ro in Gangwon Province is significantly higher than that of Hong-ro and in other regions, it was not larger than the difference in North Gyeongsang Province. This is due to the difference in natural location, especially in Gangwon Province, where the time of portrait is faster than in other regions, so it is relatively disadvantageous in the case of Fuji, which is a universal species. In other words, the superiority of management performance by main product category varies from year to year and region to region to region. Therefore, the choice of apple varieties should consider climate change in each region and future climate change, and in case of Gangwon, early or heavy varieties are more advantageous than other regions considering the current climate conditions. Labor is also important among the tasks that can increase management efficiency, and the management balance of apples will worsen if the surge in agricultural labor wages is not eased under the recent slow decline in labor input time. Therefore, for the continued growth of the apple industry, various and continuous measures are needed to reduce the labor force. In addition, it is necessary to develop standardized work manuals to improve the work environment, such as ultra-low water storage and secret food cultivation, and to enhance the work efficiency of the workforce. Based on the analysis of the management efficiency of 11 apple growers in Gangwon-do using the Data Environment Analysis (DEA) model, the results of the production efficiency analysis of the apple growers in Gangwon-do showed that the average value of pure technical efficiency was lower than the average value of scale efficiency, indicating that the cause of management efficiency of the apple growers in Gangwon-do in 2018 was caused by pure technical factors.
In order to find out how apple farmers in Gangwon Province feel and how to respond to climate change, the government set up a population of 1,374 apple farms in Gangwon Province, which appeared in the 2015 general survey of agriculture and fisheries, and analyzed sample farms in 397 in proportion to 18 cities and counties, and its policy implications are as follows: First, an important variable in feeling climate change is the number of farmers' group membership, which apple farmers perceive through information between their fellow groups rather than the Internet. Since the average age of apple owners in Gangwon Province is 63, it is necessary to actively provide information on climate change related to apple crops through offline rather than through the Internet and other information media. Second, major variables affecting climate change response include age and agricultural experience. The younger you are, the more you have agricultural experience, the more willing you are to respond to climate change. Therefore, it is possible to implement policies more efficiently to distribute means of adaptation to climate change to young farmers with agricultural experience. Third, there is a growing trend of heterogeneity among farmers, such as age, size of management, and succession. Therefore, it is necessary to develop customized climate change response policies that take into account the heterogeneous characteristics of these apple growers. Fourth, the educational background of the management is showing a tendency of higher education. As the proportion of returnees and successors increases in the future, the educational background of apple managers will gradually shift to higher education. Therefore, it is also possible to provide information on policies based on IT such as providing information on climate change through internet or smartphone apps. Fifth, as the scale of apple farms accelerates, the number of succession farmers is gradually increasing. Long-term policy establishment is important for climate change awareness and response. Therefore, it is important to present a long-term policy to cope with climate change to farmers who have secured successors.