1919년 글래스고의 노동시간 단축 파업

국문 초록 (Abstract)

1919년 1월 글래스고에서는 제1차 세계대전 이후 산업현장에 흡수될 제대군인들의 고용 기회를 늘리기 위해 주 40시간으로 노동시간 단축을 요구하는 파업이 진행되었다. 파업은 비공식적인 노조 연합이었던 클라이드 노동자 위원회를 중심으로 전개되었다. 1월 27일 시작된 파업에는 탈숙련화 정책에 저항하던 글래스고의 다양한 부문의 노동자들이 참가했다. 노동시간 단축에 대한 요구는 파업이전부터 산업, 그리고 노동의 특성에 따라 달랐다. 그러나 합동 파업 위원회의 논의 끝에 주 40시간으로 결론이 났다. 주 40시간 단축을 위해 파업 위원회는 글래스고 시장에게 정부와 중재에 나서 줄 것을 요구했다. 정부의 대답을 듣기 위해 1월 31일에 계획된 시위는 정부의 강경한 탄압에 직면했고, 일명 ‘피의 금요일 사건’으로 불리게 되었다. 이 사건 이후 파업은 성과 없이 실패로 끝났다. 노동시간 단축 파업은 산업 부문의 다양성과 노동자들 간의 노동 여건의 현실적 차이를 극복할 수 없었다. 그리고 파업은 붉은 클라이드사이드 시기에 주요한 사건으로 언급되지만, 파업 지도부의 다수를 차지하던 사회주의적 성향과 실업 방지를 위해 노동시간 단축을 원하던 노동자들의 현실적인 요구 사이에는 간격이 컸다. 그럼에도 불구하고 노동시간 단축 파업을 통해 글래스고 노동자들이 얻게된 경험은 이후 노동운동과 정치적 발전에서 중요한 의미를 갖는 것은 분명하다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In January 1919, in Glasgow, a strike to demand reducing the working week to 40-hours was taken part to increase employment opportunities for war veterans who would be demobilised and absorbed into the industrial sites after the termination of World War I. Clyde Workers’ Committee, which was an informal trade union coalition, led the strike. The strike began on January 27, involving workers from a variety of work fields of Glasgow who stood against labour dilution. The demands for the reduction of working hours were different before the strike, depending on the characteristic of the industry and labour. However, after discussions and considerations, the Joint Strike Committee concluded that the 40 hours of the working week was apposite. To achieve the reduction of working hours, the Joint Strike Committee demanded the mayor of Glasgow to arbitrate between the government and the committee. On January 31, the strikers that congregated to hear the response of the government faced harsh repression by the government, the so-called “Bloody Friday” incident. After the confrontation, the strike ended in failure, yielded definite results. The strike for the reduction of working hours could not overcome the practical differences in the diversity of the industry and the working conditions among workers. Although the strike is mentioned as a major event during the Red Clydeside, there was a large gap between the socialist majority of the strike committee leadership and the workers demanding the reduction of working hours for practical reasons such as unemployment. Nevertheless, it is clear that the experience of the Glasgow workers thought the working hour reduction strike has important implications for later labour movements and political development.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 국문초록
• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 제1차 세계대전 시기 글래스고 노동자들의 상황
• Ⅲ. 주 40시간 파업
• Ⅳ. 피의 금요일 사건
• Ⅴ. 맺음말
• 참고문헌
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

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