Recently, the cosmetic industry has developed rapidly, and various research fields have focused on cosmetics. In particular, the concept of the microbiome has been gaining increasing attention. The microbiome refers to the microorganisms living in the...
Recently, the cosmetic industry has developed rapidly, and various research fields have focused on cosmetics. In particular, the concept of the microbiome has been gaining increasing attention. The microbiome refers to the microorganisms living in the human body and their genetic information. Generally, the concept of the microbiome has been focused on the gut microbiome, but with the current research and commercialization of the skin microbiome, it is beginning to see use in cosmetics. The skin microbiome refers to the microorganism’ s present in the skin that play an important role in interactions with the external environment and their genetic information. Although not much information is available on the skin microbiome, with the recent development of genome analysis technology, microbiome research has been increasing and is being applied. Since the importance of the skin microbiome for skin health is known, the use of the skin microbiome in cosmetics is increasing. In cosmetics, the concept of the skin microbiome involved either prebiotics, which is a nutrient source of probiotics, or postbiotics, which is metabolite of microorganisms or substances produced during fermentation and is particularly used when commercializing products. Nutritional components such as vitamins and minerals exist in postbiotics. In addition, compared to before fermentation, the size of the molecular weight is smaller, so it is easily absorbed by the skin, making it suitable as a cosmetic raw material.
Maca is a biennial herbaceous plant that is involved in the regulation of various physiological activities, such as antioxidant activity, immune response regulation, and anticancer effects. Studies have shown that maca protects the skin from UV damage and promotes wound healing, but there are few studies related to the effects of maca on the skin.
This study investigated whether fermented maca root extracts could provide a safe and effective function as a cosmetic raw material for whitening and wrinkle improvement using the microbiome concept. Fermented maca root extracts was produced using Lactobacillus, and its safety as a cosmetic raw material was evaluated based on the amount of nitric oxide (NO) production, an inflammatory mediator, and cell viability. Inhibition of tyrosinase activity, melanin synthesis, and mRNA expression of genes involved in melanin synthesis was evaluated, with regard to whitening. In addition, the wound healing and collagen synthesis abilities of the fermented maca root extracts were evaluated through an in vivo experiment in relation to the wrinkle improvement effect.
To investigate the safety as a cosmetic raw material, NO production was confirmed by treating non-fermented and fermented extracts on macrophage Raw 264.7. It was confirmed that the fermented extracts produced a lower concentration of NO than the non-fermented extracts, suggesting that the fermented extracts was safer to use as a cosmetic raw material than the non-fermented extracts.
Fermented maca root extracts inhibited the activity of mushroom tyrosinase more than the non-fermented maca root extracts. In B16F10 cells, the fermented extracts showed a higher inhibition rate of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis compared to the non-fermented extracts. Real-Time qPCR confirmed that the fermented extracts reduced the expression of MITF, tyrosinase, and TRP2, which are involved in melanin synthesis. Collectively, the fermented maca root extracts reduced melanin synthesis by inhibiting the expression of genes involved in melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity more effectively than the non-fermented maca extracts.
In vivo, skin regeneration and collagen synthesis of the fermented maca root extracts using L. Plantarum KCTC 3108 were similar to those of the group treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF), a cell regeneration factor used as a positive control, and higher than those of the non-fermented extracts group. In addition, the fermented maca root extracts showed a higher collagenase inhibitory activity than the non-fermented extracts in an extracellular experiment.
In conclusion, fermented maca root extracts prepared using Lactobacillus has the potential to be used as a safe and effective cosmeceutical raw material for skin whitening and wrinkle improvement.