저온기 최저온도의 상향 조정에 따른 패션프루트의 줄기생장, 개화 및 과실발달 = Shoot Growth, Flowering, and Fruit Development of Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis var. edulis Sims.) in Response to Cold-Temperature Cut-off

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We investigated the effects of temperature cut-offs during the cold season on chlorophyll fluorescenceresponse, shoot growth, flowering, and fruit development in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis var.
edulis Sims.) to determine the temperature required for cultivation and develop a managementsystem to help lower heating costs on Jeju Island, South Korea. When the temperature was cut-offabove 5°C, the fluorescent density increased in steps O and J of the OJIP transient curve, butdecreased in step P. Under identical temperature cut-off conditions, the photochemical efficiency ofphotosystem II (Fv/Fm) was low but the initial fluorescence (Fo) was high, which suggests thatpassion fruit plants were stressed at a temperature range of 5-10°C. The length and thickness ofyoung secondary shoots and number of fruits per secondary shoot were great with rising the cut-offtemperature, suggesting that passion fruit growth was satisfactory under a temperature cut-off of10°C or higher. The fruit yield decreased due to reduction in the number of flowers per secondaryshoot, while the flowering and harvesting dates advanced by 25-30 days and 41-43 days,respectively, under a temperature cut-off of 5°C. The size and weight of fruits decreased slightly,and the titratable acidity and fruit firmness were lower in plants grown at a temperature cut-off of5°C compared to a cut-off of 10°C or 15°C. Moreover, fruit skin color changed from green toreddish purple earlier on plants grown at a temperature cut-off of 10°C or 15°C compared to acut-off of 5°C. Therefore, 10°C or 15°C may represent the most appropriate temperature cut-off forpassion fruit cultivation with respect to their vegetative growth, fruit quality, and fruit yield.
Moreover, a temperature cut-off of 10°C could reduce heating costs in plastic greenhouses duringthe cold season.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 저온기의 최저온도 상향 조정이 패션프루트의 엽록소형광 반응과 수체 생육, 개화 및 과실 발달 등에 미치는 영향을 조사함으로써 패션프루트를 재배하기 위한 적절한 저온기 최저 재배온도를 구명하고 시설 내 온도 관리방안을 모색하고자수행하였다. 저온기 최저온도를 5°C로 상향 조정하였을 때 OJIP 곡선의 O와 J 단계에서의 형광밀도는 증가하고, P 단계에서의형광밀도는 감소하였다. 광계II의 최대 광화학적 효율(Fv/Fm)은 최저온도를 5°C로 상향 조정하였을 때에는 낮았고 초기형광수율(Fo)은 높았다. OJIP 곡선과 엽록소형광 변수의 변화를 토대로 패션프루트가 저온기 최저온도 5-10°C에서는 스트레스를 받고 있음을 알 수 있다. 어린 2차지는 최저온도 처리가 높을수록 길이가 길고 굵기 또한 굵었으며 결과지당 수확량도 증가하여,최저온도를 10°C로 상향 조정하였을 때에는 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 최저온도를 5°C로 상향 조정하였을 때에 개화시기와 과실 수확은 각각 25-30일, 41-43일 일찍 앞당길 수 있어 조기 수확이 가능하나 개화 수의 감소로 인해 결과지당 수확량은감소할 것으로 보인다. 그리고 과실 크기와 무게는 최저온도를 5°C로 상향 조정하였을 때 작았고, 과즙의 산 함량과 과실의 경도도 다소 낮았다. 과피의 자색으로의 착색 또한 저온기 최저온도를 10°C 또는 15°C로 상향 조정하였을 때 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 패션프루트의 수체 생장과 과실의 수량을 높이고 고품질 과실을 생산하기 위해서는 최저온도를 10°C 또는 15°C로 상향 조정하는 것이 적절하나 난방비 절감을 위하여 저온기에는 가온시설 내의 최저온도를 10°C로 상향 조정하여 재배하는것이 바람직한 것으로 판단된다.

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