Who Deserves Relief in the Market Society? = Labor Markets, Family Support, and the New Poor Law

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문은 영국의 1834년 신구빈법 제정을 둘러싼 담론과 국가행정을 분석하여 그것에 내포된 사회정책의 이념을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다.
영국의 신구빈법은 국가권력이 자본주의적 노동시장의 자유로운 운영을 강제하기 위해 사회문제에 개입하는 전형적 사례였다. 신구빈법은 시장이 진정한 복지의 제공처가 되어야 한다는 전제에 기초했는데, 이 전제는 노동능력이 있는 남성의 극빈상태와 미혼모를 문제로 정의하는 것에서 논리적으로 도출되었다. 이러한 문제 정의와 그에 따른 해결책은 당시 정치경제학과 행정개혁의 담론 속에서 경제학적 또는 가족적 용어로 인식되었고, 도덕적 문제로 규정되었다.
한편으로, 개인주의와 자유로운 시장사회에 대한 신념이 지배적인 사회적 가치로 작용했던 당시에, 빈곤의 주요 원인은 성격적 결함으로 지목되었고, 그러한 결함의 치유책은 신구빈법에 나타난 ‘열등처우의 원칙’으로 집약되었다. 다른 한편, 가족부양의 원리와 관련해 신구빈법은 남성 생계부양자 가족모델을 규범화했는데, 이것은 신구빈법에 의해 규정된 ‘빈민’이 (남성) 시민의 타자로 규정됨을 의미했다. 이러한 신구빈법의 이념적 원리들은 현대의 보수주의자들에 의해 선호되는 오늘날 ‘잔여적 복지모델’과 상당한 공통점을 지니며, 이런 점에서 아직 우리에게는 신구빈법의 그림자가 어른거린다고 말할 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The New Poor Law of 1834 in England shows us that a central authority intervened in social affairs in order to enforce the free play of capitalist market forces. To this end, the New Poor Law embodied positive economic functions and negative welfare functions, for it was based on the proposition that men could and ought to find their true welfare only in the economic market. This proposition was derived logically from definition of the problem as being particular to able-bodied male pauperism and single mothers. Both problem and solution were conceived of in economic or familial terms, and the cause of the problem was identified as a moral one. As long as individualism and faith in the free market society were dominant social values, stress remained on character deficiency as the main source of poverty, and the remedy for this deficiency was ‘less eligibility.’ It is possible that we now in the shadow of Poor Law, which had much in common with the profoundly ‘residual welfare model,’ that underpinned the idea of the poor as a race apart, favored by current conservatives.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Context of the New Poor Law
• 3. Labor Markets and the New Poor Law
• 4. Family Support and the New Poor Law
• 5. Conclusion
• References

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