Dietary Riboflavin Requirement of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 흰다리새우 (Litopenaeus vannamei)를 대상으로 riboflavin의 요구량을 규명하고 성장, 사료효율, 선천적 면역력 및 사료 소화율에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 수행되었다. 총 7개의 실험사료는 riboflavin의 함량을 각각 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 mg/kg 농도로 기초사료에 첨가하였다 (R0, R10, R20, R30, R40, R50, R60). 새우 (평균무게, 0.17 ± 0.00 g)는 실험사료구 당 4반복으로 배치했으며, 실험사료는 1일 6회에 나누어 8주에 걸쳐 공급하였다. 성장률, 일간 성장률, 단백질이용효율은 riboflavin 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 실험새우의 phenoloxidase, nitroblue tetrazolium, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase 활성은 R40구가 가장 높았다. Lysozyme 활성은 R30, R40구가 R60구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 장 융모는 R50, R60구가 다른 실험구에 비해 유의적으로 길었으며, R0구가 가장 짧게 나타났습니다 (p < 0.05). 사료의 건조물 및 단백질의 명시적 소화율 계수는 리보플라빈 함량에 영향을 받지 않았습니다 (p < 0.05). 건물 및 단백질소화율은 모든 실험구 사이에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 전어체 내 일반성분은 모든 실험구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 따라서, 사료 내 riboflavin의 첨가는 흰다리새우의 성장, 사료효율, 비특이적 면역력, 장 융모의 길이를 증진 시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 흰다리새우 사료 내 riboflavin의 적정 첨가 함량은 40.9 mg/kg로 판단된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was conducted to determine the dietary riboflavin requirement and its effects on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity and diet digestibility of Litopenaeus vannamei. A riboflavin-free basal diet (R0) was formulated as a control and six other diets were prepared by adding riboflavin of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mg/kg to the basal diet (designated as R10, R20, R30, R40, R50 and R60, respectively). Quadruplicate groups of shrimp (initial average weight 0.17 ± 0.00 g) were fed the diets six times a day for 8 weeks. Weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were significantly increased by riboflavin (p < 0.05). The maximum values were observed in shrimp fed R40 diet. The highest activities of phenoloxidase, nitro blue tetrazolium, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were observed in shrimp fed R40 diet. Lysozyme activity was significantly higher in shrimp fed R30 and R40 diets than that of shrimp fed R60 diet (p < 0.05). Intestinal villi were significantly longer in shrimp fed R50 and R60 diets compared to those of all other groups while the shortest villi were observed in R0 group (p < 0.05). Intestinal villi were clearly distinguished in shrimp fed higher levels of riboflavin compared to those of shrimp fed R0 and R10 diets. Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein in diets were not significantly affected by riboflavin levels (p < 0.05). Whole-body proximate composition and hemolymph biochemical parameters were not significantly altered by dietary riboflavin (p < 0.05). Therefore, the results of this study indicate that riboflavin is essential to enhance growth performance, feed utilization, non-specific immunity and intestine morphology of shrimp. An optimal riboflavin requirement for the maximum growth of L. vannamei seems to be approximately 40.9 mg/kg diet.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1.Introduction 1
• 1.1 Riboflavin 1
• 1.3 Riboflavin in aquaculture 3
• 1.4 Pacific white shrimp 4
• 2.Materials and Methods 6
• 2.1. Experimental diets 6
• 2.2. Experiment setting and feeding trial. 8
• 2.4. Sample analyses 10
• 2.4.1 Proximate analysis 10
• 2.4.2 NBT activity 10
• 2.4.3 Phenoloxidase activity 11
• 2.4.4 Anti-protease activity 11
• 2.4.5 Lysozyme activity 12
• 2.4.6 GPx activity 12
• 2.4.7 Total antioxidant capacity 12
• 2.4.8 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) 13
• 2.4.9 Biochemical analysis 13
• 2.5. Intestinal histomorphology 14
• 2.6. Digestibility trial 15
• 2.6.1 Digestibility diet 15
• 2.6.2 Fecal collection 15
• 2.6.3 Chromic oxide analyses 16
• 2.6.4 Estimation of apparent digestibility coefficients 16
• 2.7. Statistical analysis 17
• 3. Results 18
• 3.1 Growth performance and feed utilization 18
• 3.2 Non-specific immunity 22
• 3.3 Antioxidant enzymes activity 25
• 3.4 Whole-body proximate composition 28
• 3.5 Biochemical parameters 30
• 3.6 Apparent digestibility coefficients 32
• 3.7 intestinal histomorphology 34
• 4. Discussion 36
• 5. Conclusions 41
• 6. Reference 42