과거 만들기와 미래 발견하기 = 뮤직 비디오에 나타난 노스탤지어

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문에서는 1990년대에 생산된 한국의 뮤직비디오를 중심으로 국가 정체성이 글로벌과 로컬의 관계 속에서 재현되고 구성되는 방식을 살펴본다. 먼저 대중음악이 글로벌리제이션 시대에 어떻게 문화정체성의 구성에 영향을 주는지에 대한 논의를 하고, 한국의 뮤직비디오가 그러한 문화정체성의 구성양상이 첨예하게 드러나는 상징적이고도 실제적인 갈등의 장으로 작용했음을 설명한다. 이를 위해 1990년대에 지배적이었던 뮤직비디오의 내러티브를 네 가지(혼종성 노스탤지어, 모빌리티, 거리두기)로 나누어 해석하고, 시공간적 배경을 추상적인 느낌으로 단순화시켜 재현하는 노스탤지어의 관습적인 사용에서 ‘한국적인’ 정체성이 구현되는 독특한 양식을 발견할 수 있다고 주장한다. 즉, 글로벌하고 미래지향적인 스타일을 차용한 것처럼 보이는 뮤직비디오가 사실은 한국의 현실과 역사적인 조건을 노스탤지어라는 안전망으로 걸러낸 표현에 지나지 않는다는 것이다. ‘만들어진 과거’와 그를 통해 ‘재발견된 미래’를 드라마적인 기법으로 재현하는 뮤직비디오는, 결국 한국의 역사적 상황에서 기인하는 현재에 대한 불안감과 불편함을 고통 없이 경험하려는 또 다른 표현방식이다. 이러한 정체성 구성이 한국사회 전체의 보편적인 것은 아니지만, 1990년대의 상황에서 ‘한국적인’ 정체성이 대중문화의 영역에서 도전받는 방식을 맥락화한다는 의의를 찾을 수 있겠다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since the 1990s Korean popular music has demonstrated an interesting example of the relationship between the local and the global. Locally produced repertoires in Korea accounted for approximately 70 per cent of the market until the recent downturn of music industry. This paper deals with how global and national representations in select music videos interact to articulate conceptions of national identity.<br/>
Music videos provide a platform where new and old forms of national identities are represented and contested. I apply a diagram of four narratives - nostalgia, hybridity, mobility, and othering - that were prevalent in Korean music videos, which represent the complexity of the relationship between globalization and nationalism. A critical analysis of this audio-visual site examines, in particular, the issue of nostalgia. Then, I discuss how the issue in intertwined with the construction of national identity and how it contributes to define what 'Korean' music means. I explore exactly how the identity formation is inserted in the dynamic relationships between the past and the future, and between the local and the global. Regardless of the material dimension comprising the visual and musical representations, te overall feeling constructed by the images in music videos is carefully designed to deliver the familiar - rather than the strange or exotic. In such videos, the collective memory of Korean's nostalgic past replaces any visible symbols of non-Koreanness. The visual representation of nostalgia is nothing but a symbolic space of Korean's desirable, yet non-existent past, a past when modernity peacefully coexisted with individual purity.<br/>
Nostalgia in Korean music videos is not exactly about rewinding to the past; rather nostalgia is invented in such a way that allows people to experience the past without pain. It is not about longing for a return; rather it is about the desire for something they might have had. In this sense, we invent the past and the future is discovered through the past we invent. What is manifested in the cultural space of the invented past and discovered future is the anxiety to fix the point of identification, whether it is a time or a place, in the turmoil of globalization.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 한국어 초록
• 1. 시작하며
• 2. 1990년대 한국 대중음악의 맥락
• 3. 글로벌리제이션 시대의 대중음악과 문화 정체성
• 4. 뮤직비디오와 네 가지 내러티브
• 5. 노스탤지어 내러티브
• 6. 어지러운 노스탤지어: 과거 만들기와 미래 발견하기
• 7. 맺으며
• 참고문헌
• 영어 초록

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