한국의 정치경험과 경제성장에 대한 소고 = Korean Experiences on Political Democratization and Economic Development

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper presents a descriptive exploration of Korean experiences in politics and economy during the past forty years. Firstly, the past legacy of Korean society was discussed by focusing on the social ethics of traditional society in the kingdom of Lee-Dynasty and Japanese colonialism. Then three aspects of political features were explored ; two political entities and anti-communism, forms of Korean government, and the establishment of authoritarian leadership. Lastly, economic development processes were explained in three subjects ; the formation of economic structure, economic development under the government control, and economic growth and it's problems.
Present Korean thoughts and behaviors are closely related with the past legacies of the traditional society. The long continuity of Korean history made Korean build up a strong identy on their nation in terms of race, culture, and history. However, Confucian ethics dominated in the past society may contribute on shaping of authoritarian characters of ruling class and passive attitudes of Korean. Japanese rule under colonialism destoryed tradtional status systems and reformed social structure into a new bureaucratic sturcture based on capitalism.
After World War Ⅱ Korea had seperated into two political systems and confronted against each other in different political ideology ; socialism and capitalism. Korean government established by south Korean used anti-communism as a rulling ideology. South Korean has gradully settled their political entity in a presidential government system through many times of trial errors in politics. In Korean government authoritarian characteristics may be the most important features because of it's strong charismatic leadership and hierarchial orders based on a military bureaucracy.
During the past 30 years Korean economy has been rapidly expanded in it's volume and greatly changed in the industrial structure. Authoritarian rulling system was very much effective on propelling economic growth of south Korea. Several consecutive 5 year's economic plans have been prepared and practiced under the government control. As a result, Korean can achieve a certain degree of economic wealth. However, there appear many disfunctions of economic growth such as income inequality between classes, unbalance of industrial structures, and economic dependency on industrial contries.
Korean experiences on economic growth and political trial errors may be a foundation of sock1 development for a new Korean society. People's new demands is now a democracy in politics and social wellbeing in economy. For these new demands it is necessary for Korean to be more mature citizen in social behavior and to create a new ideology based on the spirit of freedom.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 한국사회의 사회문화적 과거유산
• Ⅲ. 한국인의 민주주의에 대한 정치 경험
• 1. 국가의 이원화와 통치이념
• 2. 한국정부의 형태와 변화과정
• 3. 권위적 군부통치체제의 확립
• Ⅳ. 권위주의 통치체제와 경제발전
• 1. 경제기반의 형성과 해외의존경제
• 2. 정부주도형 경제발전
• 3. 경제성장과 문제점
• Ⅴ. 맺음말