굴절력 매트릭스에 근거한 Javal법칙의 신뢰도

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of several versions of Javal’s rule predicting refractive astigmatism from corneal astigmatism on the basis of dioptric power matrix. Methods: A total of 84 subjects (168 eyes, mean age 24.67±1.59 years) participated in this study. Corneal astigmatism (Ac) was measured by auto kerato-refractometer. Refractive astigmatism (At) was predicted by dioptric power matrix using four versions of original Javal’s rule (OJR), simplified Javal’s rule (SJR), Yoo’s regression equation (YRE), and vector-based Javal’s rule (VJR) from Ac. The subjectively determined refractive astigmatism (SAt) was taken best corrected visual acuity. Results: The relations between axes of Ac and At were represented high values (r = 0.891 to 0.971, p<0.001), the relations between axes of At and SAt were represented low values (r = 0.182 to 0.223, p = 0.004-0.018) for all four versions. The mean magnitudes of At and SAt for the VJR were 0.80±0.58 D and 0.82±0.65 D respectively. The difference between two values was not significant in paired t-test as relative reliability (p = 0.662). In Bland-Altman analysis as absolute reliability, the mean difference of At and SAt for the VJR had a small bias of –0.02±0.51 D. In comparison of previous cylindrical power, the difference between At and SAt was decreased in order of OJR, YRE, SJR, and VJR. In those of differences, OJR showed the lowest distribution within all intervals (≤ 2.00 D), VJR showed the highest distribution at the less than 0.75 D. The anticipated constant optimization were range from 0.79 to 1.00 for corneal astigmatism as the differences between At and SAt were the boundaries between more and less. Conclusions: Vector-based Javal’s rule is more reliable in predicting refractive astigmatism from corneal astigmatism, and the constant of 0.79 to 1.00 for corneal astigmatism in Javal’s rule except this rule may be applied in clinical prediction with simplicity by arithmetic operation.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 유종숙, "한국인의 20대에서 각막난시에 의한 전난시량의 예측" 한국안광학회 13 (13): 151-154, 2008

2 유동식, "구면 RGP 렌즈의 처방 굴절력 예측" 한국안광학회 15 (15): 219-225, 2010

3 Motlagh MG, "Validity of simlified Javal’s Rule in 147pre-operation cataract eyes" 1 (1): 630-, 2015

4 Mote HG, "The significance of Javal's rule" 16 (16): 362-365, 1939

5 Lam AK, "The aging effect on corneal curvature and the validity of Javal's rule in Hong Kong Chinese" 18 (18): 83-90, 1999

6 Bland JM, "Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement" 1 (1): 307-310, 1986

7 Bruton A, "Reliability : what is it and how is it measured?" 86 (86): 94-99, 2000

8 Grosvenor T., "Primary care optometry" Butterworth-Heinemann 186-188, 2007

9 Grosvenor T, "Predicting refractive astigmatism : a suggested simplification of Javal’s rule" 65 (65): 292-297, 1988

10 Harris WF, "Power vectors versus power matrices, and the mathematical nature of dioptric power" 84 (84): 1060-1063, 2007

11 Thibos LN, "Power vectors : an application of Fourier analysis to the description and statistical analysis of refractive error" 74 (74): 367-375, 1997

12 Neumueller J, "Optical, physiological and perceptual factors influencing the ophthalmometric findings" 30 (30): 281-291, 1953

13 Colliac JP, "Matrix formula for intraocular lens power calculation" 31 (31): 374-381, 1990

14 Grosvenor T, "Is the relation between keratometric astigmatism and refractive astigmatism linear?" 67 (67): 606-609, 1990

15 Kreda S, "How to refine toric lens prescriptions : you can simplify the process of measuring crossed cylinders by applying the principles of vector analysis to optics" 47 (47): 44-46, 2012

16 Schwartz SH., "Geometric and visual optics: a clinical introduction" McGraw-Hill 219-221, 2002

17 Hollady JT, "Evaluating and reporting astigmatism for individual and aggregate data" 24 (24): 57-65, 1998

18 Tong L, "Corneal and refractive error astigmatism in Singaporean schoolchildren : a vector-based Javal's rule" 78 (78): 881-887, 2001

19 Raasch T, "Clinical refraction in three-dimensional dioptric space revisited" 74 (74): 376-380, 1997

20 Miller JM, "Clinical applications of power vectors" 86 (86): 599-602, 2009

21 Benjamin W, "Borish's clinical refraction" Butterworth-Heinemann 655-, 2006

22 Asiedu K, "Autorefraction, retinoscopy, Javal's rule, and Grosvenor's modified Javal's rule : the best predictor of refractive astigmatism" 2016 : 3584137-, 2016

23 Elliott M, "Accuracy of Javal’s rule in the determination of spectacle astigmatism" 71 (71): 23-26, 1994

24 Kratz JD, "A modification of Javal's rule for the correction of astigmatism" 26 (26): 295-306, 1949