『로마사 논고』에 기술된 정치변동의 수사적 의미

국문 초록 (Abstract)

『로마사 논고』에 기술된 정치변동의 수사적 의미
이 논문은 『논고』에 서술된 정치 변동에 대한 마키아벨리의 견해를 철학적 수사의 측면에서 해석한다. 마키아벨리의 정치변동에 대한 기존의 해석은 정치적 수사에 초점이 맞추어져 있었기 때문에, 제도적인 측면에서 혼합정체의 안정성을 강조하는 공화주의적 입장과, 정치적 측면에서 군주주의와 예외적 권력의 행사를 강조하는 입장의 대립을 해소할 수 없었다. 이 논문에서 필자는 『논고』에 나타나는 정치변동에 대한 서술들을 고전적 의미에서 정치체제의 순환, 파당적 분쟁, 그리고 조직된 봉기로 유형화하고, 각 유형에 대한 서술들이 정치개혁이라는 목적을 위한 행동의 과정과 결과의 분석에 국한되지 않는다는 것을 보여준 뒤, 이를 토대로 마키아벨리의 정치변동에 대한 서술들은 민중의 참여가 보장된 공화정에서 일어날 수 있는 혁명적 전제(專制)의 출현을 방지하고자 했던 수사적 목적을 지속적으로 관철시키고 있으며, 이러한 목적에 비추어 볼 때 정치개혁의 청사진과 정치체재의 구상은 상충하지 않는다는 것을 차례로 논증한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article examines Machiavelli’s rhetorical intention to show the various types of political change in the Discourses, and challenges the dominant interpretations converging into the simple antinomies of republican versus monarchist, mixed regime versus kingly power, and idealism versus realism. By analyzing Machiavelli’s thoughts on political change in terms of the classical notion of revolution, which consists of the cycle of regimes, factional conflict, and a change of regime, this article develops three arguments: (1) that the popular mode of political change is not advisable, since it can give rise to dangers caused by the emergence of tyranny; (2) that his intention is not to mobilize masses by disseminating his ideas in public but to teach those who are prone to finding their satisfaction in politics about his vision of redemption and his ideal concept of the mixed republic; and (3) that the prevention of popular regimes from becoming worse is the key element constituting Machiavelli’s philosophical rhetoric against which all ideas and actions are evaluated not only by intention but also by outcome.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 논문요약
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 기존 해석의 비판적 검토
• Ⅲ. 정치변동의 유형과 철학적 수사
• Ⅳ. 결론
• 참고문헌
• 영문 요약

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