The resistance against rigged presidential election in March 15, 1960, started from student demonstrations in Daegu city on February 28 of 1960 and spreaded throughout the cities in South Korea. Then, Student demonstrations did not show concrete polit...
The resistance against rigged presidential election in March 15, 1960, started from student demonstrations in Daegu city on February 28 of 1960 and spreaded throughout the cities in South Korea. Then, Student demonstrations did not show concrete political programs to correct rigged election. During the early stage of
student demonstrations, there were no requests for resignations of specific officials, including President, who had responsibility on rigged election. The request for resignation of President Rhee appeared at first during the second uprising in Masan city on April 11 but some of demonstrators shouted resignation request only sporadically. Some Democratic Party members had requested resignation of President Rhee since March 15 election but it was no more than offensive rhetoric against government rather than real and practical objective of opposition party activity. The situation of April 19 was similar. On the day, demonstrators went ahead to Kyungmudae. Presidential residence, for delivering their requests to President rather than for expelling President. However, Rhee government shot demonstrators and huge casualty occurred. After it, the objective of mass struggle for democracy developed to ask responsibility of government which conducted cruel violence to the
citizen and to request the resignation of President Rhee. From April 25, 1960, the struggle for democracy converted into the struggle for overthrowing of Rhee government and finally next day, on April 26, President Rhee informed people his resignation from presidency. The intervention of the United States into political affairs in South Korea and passive attitude of Korean troops in repressing demonstrations influenced President Rhee to resign. United States had showed non-intervention policy on political affairs in South Korea at the
early stage of resistance. However, the leaders of the US government decided to intervene Korean affairs because they worried possibility that the political unrest in South Korea worsened into the stage of radical political change or revolution. Namely, the US intervened into internal politics in South Korea by way of prevention of revolution. Of course, passive attitude of Korean troops against demonstrators came from the US intervention but it also stemmed from Korean Military leaders themselves. Korean troops had maintained some autonomy from Rhee Regime because the United Nations Commander had operational control of Korean troops. But
this kind of autonomy of Korean troops from political power also made people worry about the possibility that Korean Army took over political power by the coup at the time. While people's struggle for democracy was main cause for the fall of Syngman Rhee regime, intervention of the US and Korean troops also influenced on the collapse of Rhee regime. Therefore, substantial political change in South Korea after April Revolution occurred in the way that exiting political system maintained and conservative politician kept their political power because of the influence of the US and Korean troops, basically status quo powers in Korean Peninsular.