学習成果を中心とした大学教育に教師はどのようにアプローチすべきか - マレーシアの大学における実践事例から - = How can teachers embrace Outcomes-Based Education approach in university education?: A case study of a public university in Malaysia

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Recently, designing and implementing the education based on learning outcomes has come to be essential for university educations. The reason why is that universities must elaborate explicitly of validity about the qualifications in university educations to the stakeholders, rather than that, the education paradigm has shifted from the conventional education to the outcomes-based education, i.e. from teacher-centered learning to students-centered learning.
In this paper, a case of the Japan studies program of Universiti Malaya, where implemented National Qualifications Framework based on the learning outcome approach was examined. Meanwhile, we discuss how teachers can embrace Outcomes-Based Education approach, which is formulated by the government, and is focused on the students’ attainment of learning outcomes, moreover we suggested the bottom-up improvement.
It was found from the case examined that a teacher was proactive and tried to embrace the "Malaysia Qualifications Framework" for university education in her way. The teacher had been interpreting the meaning of "MQF" while reading the local contexts; e.g. the course outcomes and the program outcomes of the Japan studies program. The teacher had been practicing and reflecting on her course following the Plan-Do-Check-Action cycle. Additionally, she provided feedback to the university. Although only one case was reported, this case implied to us that not only one teacher had given feedback to the university and the Ministry of Education in Malaysia but also many other teachers had done it. Therefore, the "MQF" for university education has been revised.
This paper finally claims that teachers should: 1) design your own practices to interpret the outcomes in NQF by yourselves. 2) reflect on your own practices and discuss them with others to improve your practices. 3) not only improve your own practices but also innovate the outcomes in NQF and NQF itself.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 独立行政法人大学改革支援, "欧州連合European Union"

2 独立行政法人大学改革支援, "東南アジア諸国連合ASEAN"

3 文化庁文化審議会国語分科会, "日本語教育人材の養成・研修の在り方について(報告)"

4 古屋憲章, "日本語教師の専門性を考える" ココ出版 3-19, 2021

5 岩田克彦, "日本版資格枠組みの早期構築に向けて―資格枠組み構築は、人材育成上の多くの課題解決の結節点" 職業能力開発総合大学校 30 : 133-141, 2014

6 仲田康一, "教育にPDCAサイクルは馴染むのか―初等中等教育政策におけるPDCAサイクル概念の意味と機能" 民主教育研究所 106 : 44-51, 2020

7 中央教育審議会, "学士課程教育の構築に向けて（答申）"

8 木村かおり, "多文化社会における異文化間言語学習能力を考える―おにぎりプロジェクトを通して" 凡人社 1 : 138-156, 2013

9 松本剛次, "国内の大学における「学士力」の教育としての日本語教育の現状と課題―教学マネジメント上の位置づけと実践事例の検討から―" 日本語教育学会 179 : 109-123, 2021

10 国立教育政策研究所生徒指導研究センター, "児童生徒の職業観・勤労観を育む教育の推進について(調査研究報告書)"

11 中央教育審議会, "今後の学校におけるキャリア教育・職業教育の在り方について（答申）"

12 独立行政法人大学改革支援, "マレーシアの高等教育・質保証の基本情報"

13 工藤潤, "マレーシアにおける高等教育の質保証―MQAとマレーシア高等教育機関の訪問調査報告" 大学基準協会大学評価・研究部 18 : 63-88, 2019

14 国立教育政策研究所生徒指導研究センター, "キャリア発達にかかわる諸能力の育成に関する調査研究報告書"

15 文部科学省, "「卒業認定・学位授与の方針」(ディプロマ・ポリシー)「教育課程編成・実施の方針」(カリキュラム・ポリシー)及び「入学者受入れの方針」(アドミッション・ポリシー)の策定及び運用に関するガイドライン(平成28年3月31日　大学教育部会)"

16 Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, "UTAR Guidelines on Outcome-Based Education（OBE）"

17 QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited, "QS World University Rankings 2022"

18 CEDEFOP, "National qualifications frameworks developments in Europe 2019. Qualifications frameworks: transparency and added value for end users" Publications Office

19 Malaysian Qualifications Agency, "Malaysian Qualifications Framework: Point of Reference and Joint Understanding of Higher Education Qualifications in Malaysia"

20 Malaysian Qualifications Agency, "Malaysian Qualifications Framework 2nd Edition"

21 Ministry of Education Malaysia, "Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015 - 2025(Higher Education)"

22 UNESCO, "Guidelines on developing and strengthening qualifications frameworks in Asia and the Pacific: building a culture of shared responsibility"

23 CEDEFOP, "European qualifications framework (EQF)"

24 Association of Southeast Asian Nations, "ASEAN Qualifications Reference Framework: A Practical Guide"