Late side effects of radiation treatment for head and neck cancer

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Patients undergoing radiation therapy for head and neck cancer (HNC) experience significant early and long-term side effects. The likelihood and severity of complications depends on a number of factors, including the total dose of radiation delivered, over what time it was delivered and what parts of the head and neck received radiation. Late side effects include: permanent loss of saliva; osteoradionecrosis; radiation recall myositis, pharyngoesophageal stenosis; dental caries; oral cavity necrosis; fibrosis; impaired wound healing; skin changes and skin cancer; lymphedema; hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, lightheadedness, dizziness and headaches; secondary cancer; and eye, ear, neurological and neck structures damage. Patients who undergo radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma tend to suffer from chronic sinusitis. These side effects present difficult challenges to the patients and their caregivers and require life-long strategies to alleviate their deleterious effect on basic life functions and on the quality of life. This review presents these side effects and their management.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Introduction Permanent Dry Mouth (Xerostomia) Burning Mouth Syndrome Dental Caries Osteoradionecrosis Fibrosis Trismus The Dropped Head Syndrome Pharyngoesophageal Stenosis Skin Changes and Skin Cancer Lymphedema Hypothyroidism Hyperparathyroidism Attention, Thinking, and Memory Problems (Cognitive Problems) Neurological Damage Brachial Plexopathy Eye Damage Damage to the Ear (Ototoxicity) and Hearing Loss Lightheadedness, Dizziness, and Headaches Damage to Neck Structures Secondary Cancers Conclusions Conflict of Interest References

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