晚清來華新教傳教士向英、德的儒學傳播 = The Spread of Confucianism to Britain and Germany by Protestant Missionaries in the Late Qing Dynasty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

With China’s economic and political rise, it seems very likely that Chinese culture will participate in increasingly important ways within the dialogue of world civilization. At the crossroads of such a significant moment, it is helpful for us to review the spread of Confucian to the West. In the late Qing Dynasty, Christian missionaries came to China with Western invaders. Since previous studies focused mostly on the Western cultural invasion, there have greater study of how these Protestant missionaries went on to introduce Chinese culture to the West and promoted cultural exchanges upon their return to Europe are needed. This essay aims to help fill that gap by examining the introduction of Confucianism to the West during the late Qing Dynasty.
Germany’s Richard Wilhelm, Britain’s James Legge and France’s Couvreur Seraphin are now sometimes called the three translation masters of Chinese texts. As the first Protestant in China, British Robert Morrison’s most important achievement was the compilation of “Chinese-English Dictionary,” which he completed himself after 16 strenuous years of work. Between 1861 to 1886， Scottish Protestant missionary James Legge translated and published “the Four Books” and “the Five Classics” into English, which marked the first time that such a task had been attempted since the beginning of the sixteenth century. During his thirty years in China, Legge would ultimately translate ten of the “Thirteen Classics”. In contrast to the majority of other missionaries and sinologists, German Protestant missionary Richard Wilhelm approached Confucianism through a multi-angled and holistic approach. Due largely to his precise and rigorous style of study, the great number of Confucian translations he produced, and his famous translation of the Yijing in particular, Wilhelm became known as a person with “incomparable translations”.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

隨著中國的和平崛起，中華文化也必將重新參與“世界文明對話”，因為人類文明本可以是多元和諧的。面對這樣一個偉大時代的十字路口，我們回顧中學西傳的曆史顯得十分必要。晚清時期，基督新教的傳教士是伴隨著洋槍洋炮打開中國大門而來華的，以往的研究側重於他們的文化侵略，對於他們如何逆向地西傳中華文化，從而促進文化的交流研究不夠。因此我們需要對晚清時期儒學的西傳作較為具體的分析研究。作為基督教新教來華第一人的英國人馬禮遜，其最重要的成就之一便是由他一人付出了16年的艱辛編纂完成了《華英字典》。蘇格蘭新教傳教士理雅各從1861—1886年，將中國的儒家經典——“四書”、“五經”全部譯成英文出版，成為16世紀開始儒家經典西譯以來，完成這一巨大浩繁而又意義深遠工程的第一人。他在華三十餘年，英譯了《十三經》中的“十經”。德國新教傳教士衛禮賢對於儒家思想的把握是多視角、全方位的，不同於一般的傳教士和漢學家。他同英國的理雅各和法國的顧賽芬並稱為三大漢籍翻譯大師。衛禮賢學風嚴謹、儒學譯著等身，又以《易經》譯本最為著名，被譽為“無與倫比的版本”。

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 馬禮遜夫人, "馬禮遜回憶錄" 廣西師範大學出版社 2004

2 湯森, "馬禮遜-在華傳教士的先驅" 大象出版社 2002

3 衛禮賢, "衛禮賢-兩個世界的使者" 科隆 1973

4 張君勱, "衛禮賢-世界公民" 5 : 1930

5 楊煥英, "孔子思想在國外的傳播與影響" 教育科學出版社 1987

6 劉家和, "史學 經學與思想" 北京師範大學出版社 2005

7 衛禮賢, "中國文化的基礎" (2) : 1927

8 衛禮賢, "中國心靈" 國際文化出版公司 1998

9 Brian Harrison, "Waiting for China: The Anglo-Chinese College at Malacca 1818-1843，and the 19th Century Mission" Hong Kong University Press 1979