1920년대 충북지역 민족운동의 양상과 성격

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The national movement is the activities that the racial members develop to solve the racial problems.
The people is the historical human community which is combined with the common language, region, blood, culture, politics, economy and history and formed national consciousness with those bases.
The national movement is that the people gathered and protested in the process of dropping into Japanese colony. That continued from the movement of the loyal troops to the movement of the national sovereignty protection before being colonized and as the recovery movement of the national sovereignty until 1920s after being colonized.
However, the racial movement of Chungbuk province was developed differently from the previous movement. That was because the main agents of the racial movement in 1920s were different from the ones of the previous racial movement. Being based on cultural renovation thoughts, they organized the youths’ movement in the early 1920s and expanded to lead the farmers’ movement and the ideological movement.
In the late 1920s, the contents of the national movements became more active because of the changed effects of the national movement, acceptance of new knowledge, etc. So, it was improved in youths’, farmers’ students’ Cheondogyo movement, anarchistic movement and the social equality movement.
With the beginning of 1930s, Japan collapsed the ground of the national movement by fascism. This ruling made the movement in Chungbuk decline and keep silent during the colonial period.
Then, how do we evaluate this national movement in Chungbuk province? First of all, let’s list its historical meanings. First, farmers class, consisted of most Chungbuk local people, was in the center of it and took part in it briskly as main agents. Second, when Chungbuk local people developed the movement, they didn’t run only isolated partial movement in Chungbuk but also they ran relating to entire national movements. Therefore, the movement by Chungbuk local people had the meaning as not a partial movement but the racial movement.
Third, The national movement in 1920s made the basement to last activities through 1930s and liberation political situation.
Fourth, It had for the local people change their consciousness. So the objective of that movement was expanded from the support of the early simple economic profits to the resistance against the ruling power.
Nevertheless, the national movement in Chungbuk province has limitation not to show big result. What would the reason be? Above all, there was Japanese cruel suppression. Successful or not depends on the relationship of the power between the main agents and the objects. Japan drove all of the young’s activities into illegality and arrested activists of branches and Ban as well as the activities of county units. They detained them for several months in terms of interrogation and the preliminaries. It’s difficult to develop the national movement normally in these situations.
For another, the local political organization, in other words, officials and worthies ruling system operated and progressive young people groups were embraced in that system. This embracement distorted the direction of the national movement and stopped from operating normally.
Thirdly, The local emotion kept moderate aspect all Japanese regime. It was difficult in real for illiteracy local tenants to recognize their identities and participate in the national problems.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1. 연구의 목적과 범위 1
• 2. 연구사의 검토 5
• 3. 논문의 구성과 연구 자료 9
• Ⅱ. 1920년대 충북지역 민족운동의 배경 11
• 1. 사회·경제적 조건 11
• 1) 사회적 조건 11
• 2) 경제적 조건 13
• 2. 식민지 체제의 확립과 사회변화 16
• 1) 식민지 지배체제의 구축 16
• (1) 식민지 통치기구의 설치 16
• (2) 관료-유지 지배체제 구축 21
• 2) 농업 경영과 농민층의 존재 33
• (1) 지주-소작제의 확대 33
• (2) 농민층의 분화와 몰락 37
• 3. 민족운동의 전통 41
• 1) 국권회복운동 41
• (1) 의병운동 42
• ① 전기 의병운동 42
• ② 중기 의병운동 45
• ③ 후기 의병운동 47
• (2) 계몽운동 52
• ① 근대교육기관의 설립 52
• ② 국채보상운동의 전개 56
• 2) 3·1운동 59
• (1) 3·1운동의 배경 59
• (2) 3·1운동의 전개 60
• 3) 국권회복운동과 3·1운동의 성격 63
• Ⅲ. 1920년대 전반기 충북지역의 민족운동 67
• 1. 신사상의 수용과 민족운동의 분화 67
• 1) 신사상의 수용 67
• 2) 민족운동의 분화 71
• 2. 실력양성운동의 전개 72
• 1) 민립대학설립운동 72
• 3. 청년단체의 조직과 활동 76
• 1) 청년단체의 결성 76
• (1) 청주청년회 77
• (2) 영동청년회 78
• (3) 괴산청년회 80
• (4) 제천청년회 80
• 2) 청년단체의 주도세력과 활동 81
• (1) 청년단체의 주도세력 81
• (2) 청년회의 활동 82
• ① 강연회·토론회 개최 83
• ② 체육대회 개최 83
• ③ 야학설립과 교육활동 84
• ④ 지역사회 활동 85
• ⑤ 청년회 연합 활동 85
• 3) 청년단체운동의 성격 86
• 4. 농민운동단체의 조직과 활동 87
• 1) 소작인조합의 결성 87
• (1) 괴산 소작인조합 89
• (2) 산동 소작인조합 91
• (3) 영동 소작인조합 93
• 2) 농민운동의 전개 95
• 3) 농민운동의 성격 99
• 5. 아나키즘운동단체의 결성 101
• 1) 흑기연맹의 결성과정 102
• 2) 흑기연맹의 구성원 111
• 3) 흑기연맹원의 아나키즘사상 117
• Ⅳ. 1920년대 후반기 충북지역 민족운동 124
• 1. 사회주의 사상의 확산과 조선공산당 조직 124
• 2. 청년운동의 변화 126
• 1) 청년운동의 방향전환 126
• (1) 청주청년회의 변화와 산동청년회 설립 128
• (2) 영동청년연맹으로의 전환 131
• 2) 청년단체의 성격 133
• 3. 농민운동의 변화 138
• 1) 농민조합의 결성 140
• (1) 제천농민조합 141
• (2) 미원농민조합 143
• (3) 영동농민조합 144
• 2) 농민조합운동의 성격 147
• 4. 문예운동사의 결성과 아나키즘운동 152
• 1) 문예운동사의 결성 배경 152
• 2) 문예운동사의 조직 및 활동 158
• 3) 문예운동사의 성격 165
• 5. 형평운동 168
• 1) 형평지회의 설립 168
• 2) 형평지회의 활동 169
• 6. 천도교운동 173
• 1) 천도교청년동맹의 설립 174
• 2) 천도교청년동맹의 활동 175
• 7. 학생운동 177
• 1) 학생운동의 전개 177
• 2) 학생운동의 성격 183
• 8. 신간회운동 185
• 1) 신간회 지회의 결성과 주도세력 185
• 2) 신간회 지회의 활동 191
• (1) 신간회 지회로서의 활동 192
• (2) 청년회 연계활동 194
• (3) 지역 운동단체로서의 활동 196
• (4) 일제의 지회 탄압 197
• 3) 신간회운동의 성격 201
• Ⅴ. 1920년대 충북지역 민족운동의 성격 207
• 1. 1920년대 전반기 민족운동의 특징 207
• 2. 1920년대 후반기 민족운동의 특징 213
• 3. 민족운동의 의의 및 한계점 222
• Ⅵ. 결론 230
• 참고문헌 234