Hippophae rhamnoides Prevents Oleic Acid-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Releasing Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Mitigation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Level

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Hippophae rhamnoides exhibit a wide variety of medicinal and pharmacological effects. The present studyaims to determine the role of ethanol extract of H. rhamnoides on oleic acid (OA)-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) in rats. Male rats were randomly divided into the following groups: (I) Control, (II) OA, and (III) OA+H. rhamnoides.
H. rhamnoides extract (500 mg/kg) was given orally for 2 weeks before OA in Group III. Levels of total antioxidant capacity,total oxidant status (TOS), myeloperoxidase (MPO), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), acetylcholinesterase (AChE),and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Real timequantitative polymerase chain reaction was utilized to evaluate the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-jB), tumornecrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), interleukin (IL)-6, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). Also, Caspase-3 immunostainingand expression were performed to evaluate apoptosis. Compared with the OA group, there was a significantly decrease in thelevels of MPO, TOS, MAPK, and ACE and in the expression of NF-jB, TNF-a, IL-6, MMP2, and Caspase-3 in the H.
rhamnoides administration group. Moreover, the activity of AChE and level of TAS were substantially higher in the H.
rhamnoides administration compared with the OA group. The findings in the study suggest that the protective effect of H.
rhamnoides pretreatment may act through inhibition of the ACE activity, releasing AChE, regulation of inflammatorycytokine levels, and suppression of apoptotic process in ARDS.