카리브계 미국 흑인여성의 포스트식민적 글쓰기 - 자메티카 킨케이드의『어느 작은 섬』과『루시』

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The exploration of the multiple identities of the Caribbean women is intrinsic to the narratives of Jamaica Kincaid whose migration allows internal critiques of new inscriptions of colonial homeland and imperial new land in a variety of cultural contexts. This study considers the postcolonial writing of Kincaid in A Small Place and Lucy, centering on race, class, and gender/sexuality of female subjectivity of the Caribbean diaspora. A Small Place is a fictitious cultural essay, exploring tourist culture and Caribbean identity more polemically. Its main concern is the articulation of the effects of colonialism on subjectivity, specially on female subjectivity in the Caribbean area. As the narrator/writer describes to a tourist of the Antigua area, to invoke and reverse the discourse of white racism, with a critical insider/outsider perspectives on a Caribbean slave society and their legacy on contemporaries, she rejects almost everything that had negative influence on Antigua and its inhabitants. The narrator expresses indignation at not only the white tourists and colonizers but also her fellow Antiguans. With the purpose to explain the intricate situation of Antigua to a European or American audience in A Small Place, the narrator expresses the most elaborate analysis of an intricate cultural-political situation of Antigua, providing a postcolonial feminist definition of the (dis-)identity of a “third world” black woman. Lucy, an autobiographical text based on Kincaid's early experiences as a nanny for a well-to-do family in the U. S. A. dramatizes class, race, and gender dynamics. As a young black woman from a working class with colonial background, Lucy comes to reach a profound awareness that gender relations are mediated by race and class hierarchies. Firstly, the text presents conflicted mother-daughter relationship, focussing on Lucy's own subjective experiences as a daughter. The biological mother is connected to the gendered functions of colonial power. Secondly, Lucy studies her happy, affectionate employer, Mariah, who, like her mother, also would use Lucy in the same way. By exposing the relation between the wealth of people like Mariah and the poverty of the world's majority, Lucy foregrounds global inequality. However, as feminist protagonist Lucy rejects the available identities offered by her mother and Mariah. At the novel's end the act of writing will be a painful process of recovering the past and inventing a new identity. This process can be interpreted as a metaphoric exploration of decolonization. Within the narrow geographic space, the Caribbean area represents powerfully the effects of power and control, of domination and patriarchy. This area becomes radically disrupted in the writings of Jamaica Kincaid in A Small Place and Lucy. These two texts explore the conflicts of power that stem from gender and race relationships in a postcolonial world presenting a postcolonial feminism that takes into account the complexity of the social and economic world in which the black heroine's life must unfold. In this sense A Small Place and Lucy embody the critique of western traditional middle-class feminism that we have come to associate with Gayatri Spivak.

목차 (Table of Contents)

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• II
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• V
• 인용문헌
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Spivak, Gayatri C., "Three Women’s Text and a Critique of Imperialism" 12 : 243-261,

2 Mohanty,Chandra, "Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism" Indianna UP 1991

3 Pine-Timothy,Helen, "The Woman,the Writer & Caribbean Society:Essays on Literature and Culture" U of California P 1997

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7 King,Deborah, "Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness: The Context of a Black Feminist Ideology in Feminist Social Thought: A Reader" Routledge 220-242, 1997

8 Smith, Ian, "Misusing Canonical Intertexts: Jamaica Kincaid, Wordsworth and Colonialism’s “absent things”" 25 (25): 801-820, 2002

9 Kincaid,Jamaica, "Lucy" Farrar,Straus & Giroux 1990

10 Paravisini-Gebert,Lizabeth, "Kincaid: A Critical Companion" Greenwood P 1999

11 Covi, Giovanna, "Jamaica Kincaid’s Prismatic Self and the Decolonialisation of Language and Thought in Framing the World: Gender and Genre in Caribbean Women’s Writing" Whiting and Birch Ltd. 37-67, 1996

12 Bouson,J.Brooks, "Jamaica Kincaid:Writing Memory,Writing Back to the Mother" State U of New York P 2005

13 Ferguson,Moira, "Jamaica Kincaid: Where the Land Meets the Body" UP of Virginia 1994

14 Cudjoe,Selwyn R., "Jamaica Kincaid and the Modernist Project: An Interview in Caribbean Women Writers" Calaloux Publications 215-232, 1990

15 Davis,Carol Boyce, "Introduction in Out of the ?Kumbla: Caribbean Women and Literature" Africa World P 1-24, 1990

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17 Mahlis, Kristen, "Gender and Exile: Jamaica Kincaid’s Lucy" 44 (44): 164-183, 1998

18 Simmons,Diane, "Frank Day" Twayne Publishers 1994

19 Minh-ha,Trinh, "Framer Framed" Routledge 1992

20 Donalson,Laura, "Decolonizing Feminism in Race, Gendered Empire-Building" Routledge 1993

21 Scott, Helen Claire, "DEM TIEF, DEM A DAM TIEF: Jamaica Kincaid’s Literature of Protest" 25 (25): 977-989, 2002

22 Hall,Stuart, "Cultural Identity and Diaspora in Identity: Community, Culture, Difference" Lawrence and Wishart 222-237, 1990

23 Tiffin, Helen, "Cold Hearts and (Foreign) Tongues: Recitation and the Reclamation of the Female Body in the Works of Erna Bodber and ?Jamaica Kincaid" 16 (16): 909-921, 1993

24 Davies,Carol Boyce, "Black Women,Writing and Identity:Migration of the Subject" Routledge 1994

25 Ferguson, Moira, "A Small Place: Glossing Annie John's Rebellion in Colonialism and Gender Relations from Mary Wollstonecraft to Jamaica Kincaid" Columbia UP 116-138,

26 Kincaid,Jamaica, "A Small Place" Penguin Books 1988