COVID-19 팬데믹에 따른 연안환경의 변화와 해양생태계 영향 고찰 = Changes in Coastal Environment and Effects on Marine Ecosystem due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

국문 초록 (Abstract)

COVID-19 사태가 전세계적으로 장기화됨에 따라 사회적 봉쇄 조치 및 방역용품 사용 의무화 등으로 사람들의 생활 방식이 바뀌었다. 본 연구는 문헌 리뷰를 통해 COVID-19가 변화시킨 사람들의 생활 방식이 연안 생태계에 미친 영향을 고찰하였다. 리뷰는 COVID-19가 확산되기 시작한 2020년 이후에 출판된 논문을 대상으로 진행하였다. 연구 결과, COVID-19 팬데믹으로 인한 연안 환경 및 연안 서식 생물 영향은 지역별, 생물 분류군별로 상이하게 나타났다. COVID-19 확산 이후 많은 지역에서는 연안 쓰레기가 줄고, 연안 서식 생물 개체수가 증가하는 긍정적인 영향이 나타났다. 이는 환경을 교란시키고 생물에 스트레스를 주었던 관광 및 산업 활동이 사회적 봉쇄 조치로 인해 감소되었기 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 연안 환경이 악화되고 연안 서식 생물에 부정적인 영향이 나타난 경우는 코로나바이러스 전파를 막기 위한 방역 활동의 영향이 컸다. 버려진 마스크나 일회용 장갑 등이 연안에서 발견되는 빈도가 증가했고, 마스크나 소독제 등의 잔여물은 생물의 기능을 저하시키거나 종 풍부도를 감소시키기도 하였다. 리뷰를 통해 팬데믹은 인간의 생활뿐만 아니라 질병과 관계없는 생물 및 환경까지 연쇄적으로 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 짧은 기간일지라도 인간 활동의 제한은 생태계를 일부 회복시킬 수 있다는 점이 드러났다. 본 연구는 인간 활동과 생태계와의 긴밀한 연결성을 보여주며, 연안 생태계 관리를 위한 기초 연구로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

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