Attosecond nanophysics : from basic science to applications

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• List of Contributors = XI
• Preface = XVII
• 1 Introduction / Matthias F. Kling ; Brady C. Steffl ; Peter Hommelhoff = 1
• 1.1 Attosecond Tools = 1
• 1.1.1 Strong Field Control Using Laser Pulses with Well-Defined Waveforms = 1
• 1.1.2 Attosecond Light Pulses : Tracing Electron Dynamics = 3
• 1.2 Solids in Strong Fields = 4
• 1.3 Attosecond Physics in Isolated Nanosystems = 4
• 1.4 Attosecond Physics on Nanostructured Surfaces = 6
• 1.5 Perspectives = 7
• References = 8
• 2 Nano-Antennae Assisted Emission of Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation / Nils Pfullmann ; Monika Noack ; Carsten Reinhardt ; Milutin Kovacev ; Uwe Morgner = 11
• 2.1 Introduction and Motivation = 11
• 2.2 Experimental Idea = 12
• 2.3 High-Order Harmonic Generation = 14
• 2.3.1 Semi-Classical Model = 15
• 2.3.2 Macroscopic Effects／Phase-Matching = 16
• 2.3.3 Phase-Matching in the Case of Optical Antennas = 18
• 2.3.4 Field Inhomogeneities = 19
• 2.4 Plasmonics in Intense Laser Fields = 20
• 2.5 Experiments = 23
• 2.5.1 Historical Overview = 23
• 2.5.2 Own Experiments = 24
• 2.6 Conclusion and Outlook = 31
• References = 33
• 3 Ultrafast, Strong-Field Plasmonic Phenomena / Péter Dombi ; Abdulhakem Y. Elezzabi = 39
• 3.1 Introduction = 39
• 3.2 Ultrafast Photoemission and Electron Acceleration in Surface Plasmon Fields = 43
• 3.2.1 Photoemission Mechanisms = 43
• 3.2.2 Particle Acceleration in Evanescent Surface Plasmon Fields = 47
• 3.3 Research on Surface Plasmon-Enhanced Photoemission and Electron Acceleration = 48
• 3.3.1 Photocurrent Enhancement = 48
• 3.3.2 Strong-Field Photoemission in Plasmonic Fields = 50
• 3.3.3 Electron Acceleration in Plasmonic Fields = 51
• 3.3.4 Modeling and Discussion = 53
• 3.3.5 Time-Resolved Studies of Ultrashort Surface Plasmon Wavepackets = 62
• 3.3.6 The Carrier-Envelope Phase in Nanoplasmonic Electron Acceleration = 66
• 3.3.7 Non-ponderomotive Effects and Quiver Motion Quenching in Nano-Localized Fields = 69
• 3.3.8 Nanoplasmonic Photoemission from Metal Nanoparticles = 75
• 3.4 Conclusions = 79
• Acknowledgments = 81
• References = 81
• 4 Ultrafast Dynamics in Extended Systems / Ulf Saalmann ; Jan-Michael Rost = 87
• 4.1 Introduction - Why Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Extended Systems? = 87
• 4.2 Multi-Photon Absorption in Extended Systems = 89
• 4.2.1 General Evolution of an Extended System Exposed to an Intense Laser Pulse = 89
• 4.2.2 A Unified Picture on Energy Absorption from Intense Light Fields = 91
• 4.2.3 Hard and Soft Recollisions in Atomic Systems = 93
• 4.2.4 Extended Systems and Optical Swingbys = 94
• 4.2.5 Resonant Absorption by Electron Motion Out of Phase with the Light Field = 97
• 4.3 Coulomb Complexes : A Simple Approach to Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in FEL-Irradiated Extended Systems = 99
• 4.3.1 Photo-Activation = 101
• 4.3.2 The Ionic Background Potential = 102
• 4.3.3 Formation of the Electron Spectra = 103
• 4.3.4 Scaling in the Dynamics of Coulomb Complexes = 105
• 4.4 Nano-Plasma Transients on the Femtosecond Scale = 106
• 4.4.1 Creating and Probing a Dense Non-equilibrium Nano-Plasma by Sub-femtosecond Pump-Probe Pulses = 106
• 4.4.2 Ultrafast Collective Electron Dynamics in Composite Systems = 111
• 4.5 Summary = 115
• Acknowledgments = 115
• References = 116
• 5 Light Wave Driven Electron Dynamics in Clusters / Charles Varin ; Christian Peltz ; Thomas Brabec ; Thomas Fennel = 119
• 5.1 Introduction = 119
• 5.2 Resolving Light-Matter Interactions on the Atomic-Scale = 120
• 5.2.1 Theoretical Foundations of Classical Light-Matter Interaction = 120
• 5.2.2 Molecular Dynamics = 125
• 5.2.3 The Particle-in-Cell Method = 125
• 5.2.4 The Microscopic Particle-in-Cell Method = 126
• 5.3 Fundamentals of the Microscopic Particle-in-Cell Approach = 127
• 5.3.1 Theoretical Background = 127
• 5.3.2 Numerical Implementation = 130
• 5.3.3 Link to Molecular Dynamics = 134
• 5.3.4 Link to Continuum Models = 135
• 5.4 Microscopic Analysis of Laser-Driven Nanoclusters = 137
• 5.4.1 Nanoplasma Formation in a Small Rare-Gas Cluster = 138
• 5.4.2 Cluster Dynamics in the Linear Response Regime = 140
• 5.4.3 Linear Absorption and Scattering of Light = 142
• 5.4.4 Competition of Bulk and Surface Effects with Radiation Damping in Resonant Clusters = 144
• 5.4.5 Microscopic Analysis of Nonlinear Light Scattering = 145
• 5.5 Conclusions = 149
• References = 150
• 6 From Attosecond Control of Electrons at Nano-Objects to Laser-Driven Electron Accelerators / Frederik Süßmann ; Matthias F. Kling ; Peter Hommelhoff = 155
• 6.1 Attosecond Control of Electrons at Nanoscale Metal Tips = 155
• 6.1.1 Multi-Photon Ionization = 156
• 6.1.2 Sub-Cycle Dynamics = 158
• 6.1.3 Optical Near-Field Sensor = 162
• 6.1.4 A Sub-Laser-Cycle Duration Electron Source? = 164
• 6.2 Experiments on Dielectric Nanospheres = 165
• 6.2.1 Modifications by Collective Excitations／Space Charge = 165
• 6.2.2 CEP-Dependent Photoemission from SiO₂Nanospheres = 166
• 6.2.3 Theoretical Modeling of the Photoemission／Acceleration Process = 169
• 6.3 The Influence of the Spatial Field Distribution on Photoelectron Spectra = 171
• 6.3.1 Transition from Dipolar to Multipolar Response = 172
• 6.3.2 Angular Resolved Photoemission from SiO₂Nanospheres = 176
• 6.4 Time Resolved Pump-Probe Schemes = 177
• 6.4.1 The Attosecond Streak Camera = 177
• 6.4.2 Attosecond Streaking from Nanostructures = 179
• 6.4.3 The Regimes of Near-Field Streaking = 179
• 6.4.4 Simulated Streaking Spectrograms for Au Spheres = 182
• 6.5 Electron Acceleration with Laser Light at Dielectric Nano-Gratings = 185
• 6.5.1 Near-Field Mode Acceleration = 186
• 6.5.2 Proof-of-Concept Data = 189
• 6.5.3 Outlook on Future Acceleration Mechanisms = 190
• References = 191
• 7 Theory of Solids in Strong Ultrashort Laser Fields / Vadym Apalkov ; Mark I. Stockman = 197
• 7.1 Interaction of Ultrafast Laser Pulse with Solids : Coherent and Incoherent Electron Dynamics = 197
• 7.2 One Dimensional Tight Binding Model = 200
• 7.2.1 Single-Band Approximation = 201
• 7.2.2 Multi-Band Approximation = 210
• 7.2.3 Description of Electron Dynamics in Terms of the Wannier - Stark States = 213
• 7.2.4 Results of Numerical Calculations = 221
• 7.3 3D Model of Electron Dynamics = 229
• References = 232
• 8 Controlling and Tracking Electric Currents with Light / Agustin Schiffrin ; Tim Paasch-Colberg ; Martin Schultze = 235
• 8.1 Introduction = 235
• 8.2 Electric Field Control of Currents : From the Vacuum Tube to the Transistor = 235
• 8.3 Generating Electric Currents with Light : An Ultrabroad-Bandwidth Control Tool = 239
• 8.4 Optical Field Control of Electric Current in Large Bandgap Materials = 243
• 8.5 Attosecond Probing of the Strong-Field-Induced Changes of the Dielectric Electronic Properties = 262
• 8.6 Detection of the Carrier-Envelope Phase Using Optical-Field-Induced Currents = 271
• 8.7 Toward Ultrafast Photoactive Logic Circuits? = 273
• References = 275
• 9 Ultrafast Nano-Focusing for Imaging and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Light / Christoph Lienau ; Markus Raschke ; Claus Ropers = 281
• 9.1 Introduction = 281
• 9.2 Adiabatic Nanofocusing = 282
• 9.2.1 Introduction = 282
• 9.2.2 Results = 286
• 9.2.3 Quantum Coherent Control of a Single Emitter = 295
• 9.3 Nanometer-Sized Localized Electron Sources = 297
• 9.3.1 Introduction = 297
• 9.3.2 Processes in Localized Photoemission at Metal Nanotips = 299
• 9.3.3 Near-Field Imaging Based on Localized Multiphoton Photoemission = 301
• 9.3.4 Transition to the Strong-Field Regime = 302
• 9.3.5 Localization Effects in the Strong-Field Regime = 303
• 9.3.6 Angle-Resolved Photoemission = 309
• 9.4 Summary and Conclusion = 313
• Acknowledgments = 314
• References = 314
• 10 Imaging Localized Surface Plasmons by Femtosecond to Attosecond Time-Resolved Photoelectron Emission Microscopy - "ATTO-PEEM" / Soo Hoon Chew ; Kellie Pearce ; Christian Späth ; Alexander Guggenmos ; Jürgen Schmidt ; Frederik Süßmann ; Matthias F. Kling ; Ulf Kleineberg ; Erik Mårsell ; Cord L. Arnold ; Eleonora Lorek ; Piotr Rudawski ; Chen Guo ; Miguel Miranda ; Fernando Ardana ; Johan Mauritsson ; Anne L'Huillier ; Anders Mikkelsen = 325
• 10.1 Introduction = 325
• 10.2 Time-Resolved Multiphoton PEEM with Femtosecond Time Resolution = 326
• 10.2.1 Observation of Surface Plasmon Enhanced "Hot Spot" Photoemission in fs-PEEM = 326
• 10.2.2 Interferometric Time-Resolved fs-PEEM = 327
• 10.2.3 Adaptive Sub-wavelength Control of Nanooptical Fields = 328
• 10.2.4 Coherent Two-Dimensional Nanoscopy = 328
• 10.3 The "ATTO-PEEM" = 329
• 10.3.1 Theoretical Description of the Attosecond Nanoplasmonic Field Microscope = 330
• 10.3.2 High Harmonic PEEM with Single Attosecond XUV Pulses = 332
• 10.3.3 PEEM with High-Order Harmonics : Attosecond Pulse Trains and 1-200 kHz Repetition Rate Light Sources = 338
• References = 361
• Index = 365