On Blocking Effects in Chinese: Syntactic, Pragmatic, or Both?

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Chinese shows an interesting phenomenon, called blocking effects, according to which, long-distance binding of a reflexive is possible only in case all antecedents agree in person. Most previous studies provide syntactic accounts of blocking effects mainly based on agreement. The purpose of this paper is to show that the nature of blocking effects is purely pragmatic. Three main pieces of evidence for the pragmatic nature of blocking effects are 1) that there exist various counter-examples to previous syntactic analyses of blocking effects, 2) that pragmatic accounts of peculiarities of ba- and bei- constructions in terms of blocking effects are superior to previous syntactic accounts, and 3) that blocking effects can be overridden by discourse contexts.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Wang, Li, "Zhongguo yufa lilun" Shangwu Yinshuguan 1947

2 Sun, Chaofen, "Word-order change and grammaticalization in the history of Chinese" Standford University Press 1996

3 Pan, Haihua, "Why the blocking effect?, In Syntax and semantics, Vol. 33: long distance reflexives" Academic Press 279-316, 2001

4 Sung, Li-May, "Universals of reflexives" University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1990

5 Wang, Mingquan, "Transitivity and the BA-Construction in Mandarin" Boston University 1987

6 Huang, C.-T. James, "The local nature of the long-distance reflexive in Chinese, In Long distance anaphora" Cambridge UP 1991

7 Pollard, Carl, "Syntactic and nonsyntactic constraints on long-distance reflexives, In Syntax and semantics, Vol. 33: long distance reflexives" Academic Press 317-342, 2001

8 Ding, Picus Sizhi, "Semantic change versus categorical change: a study of the development of BA in Mandarin" 29 (29): 102-128, 2001

9 Huang, Y. -H, "Reflexives in Chinese" 10 : 1984

10 Arnold, Jennifer E, "Reference form and discourse patterns" Stanford University 1998

11 Cole, Peter, "Principles and parameters of long-distance reflexives" 21 : 1-22, 1990

12 Chiarcos, Christian, "Mental salience and grammatical form: toward a framework for salience metrics in natural language generation" University of Potsdam 2009

13 Hashimoto, Anne Yue, "Mandarin Syntactic Structure"

14 Cole, Peter, "Long-distance reflexives: the state of the art, In Syntax and semantics" long distance reflexives 13-57, 2001

15 Cole, Peter, "Long distance anaphors, In an Asian perspective. In SYNCOM" Blackwell Publishers 2006

16 Wu, Xiaochi, "Lexical mappings in the BA construction" Harvard University 1996

17 Kim, Jong-Bok, "Korean Honorification: a kind of expressive meaning" 16 : 303-336, 2008

18 Wu, Guo, "Information Structure in Chinese" Peking University Press 1998

19 Cole, Peter, "Head movement and long distance reflexives" 25 : 355-406, 1990

20 Givón, Talmy, "From discourse to syntax: grammar as a processing strategy, In Syntax and Semantics 12: Discourse and Syntax" Academic Press 81-112, 1979

21 Kaiser, Elsi, "Effects of topic and focus on salience" 10 : 139-154, 2006

22 Dai, Jin-huei Enya, "Conceptualization and cognitive relativism on result in Mandarin Chinese: the case study of Mandarin Chinese ba construction using a cognitive and centering approach" Louisiana State University 2005

23 Li, Charles N, "Co-verbs in Mandarin Chinese: verbs or prepositions?" 2 (2): 257-278, 1974

24 Battistella, E, "Chinese reflexivization" 27 : 987-1012, 1989

25 Li, Dianyu, "Causative and resultative constructions in Mandarin Chinese" Göteborg University 2003

26 Cole, Peter, "Antecedents and blockers of long distance reflexives: the case of Chinese ziji" 27 : 357-390, 1996

27 Huang, Yan, "Anaphora: a cross-linguistic approach" Oxford University Press 2000

28 Tsao, Feng-fu, "A topic-comment approach to the ba construction" 15 (15): 1-54, 1987

29 송홍기, "A Minimalist Analysis of Xo Reflexivization in Chinese and Korean*" 한국생성문법학회 14 (14): 375-396, 2004

30 Chao, Yuen Ren, "A Grammar of Spoken Chinese" University of California Press 1968

31 Hu, Jianhua, "A Comparative Study of English Reflexives and Chinese Compound Reflexive" 34 (34): 241-247, 2002