산소 미세전극을 이용한 강화군과 인천 북항 조간대 갯벌의 순광합성률 측정 = Measurement of Net Photosynthetic Rates in Intertidal flats of Ganghwa-gun and Incheon North Harbor using Oxygen Microsensors

국문 초록 (Abstract)

갯벌에서 순 광합성률의 시기적 변화를 살펴보기 위해 강화군의 서남단과 남단에 각각 위치한 장화리와 동막리의 조간대 갯벌과, 유기물 함량이 상대적으로 높은 인천 북항 조간대 갯벌을 대상으로 2003년 12월부터 2004년 6월까지 4회에 걸쳐 산소 미세전극을 이용하여 퇴적물 내 산소 농도의 수직 분포를 측정하였다. 조사 기간 동안 장화리와 동막리 갯벌에서 산소의 퇴적물 투과 깊이는 12월에 가장 컸으며(평균 $4.0{\sim}4.1\;mm)$),이후 조사에서는 각각 평균 $2.2{\sim}2.8\;mm$와 $1.6{\sim}l.8\;mm$의 값으로 작아지는 경향을 보였다. 흥미롭게도 인천 북항 갯벌의 산소 투과 깊이는 시기에 관계없이 $0.8{\pm}0.3\;mm$(평균${\pm}ISD$)의 작은 값을 나타냈다. 순 광합성률은 동막리 갯벌에서 3월에 최대값$(11.1{\pm}2.8\;mmol\;O_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1})$을 보였으며 장화리와 인천 북항 갯벌에서는 5월에 각각 $6.1{\pm}4.1\;mmol\;O_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$와 $6.4{\pm}1.4\;mmol\;O_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$의 최대값을 보였다. 순 광합성률이 최대값을 보인 시기에, 퇴적물 내 공극수의 용존 산소 농도의 최대값은 깊이 $0.1{\sim}0.5\;mm$구간에서 관찰되었으며, 대기로 포화된 표층 해수의 용존 산소 농도에 비해 평균적으로 $1.8{\sim}3.2$배 높았다. 6월 조사 당일에 현장의 광량(400 ${\mu}Einst\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$)이 다른 조사 시기에 비해 낮았지만, 이를 감안하더라도 세 지역의 순 광합성률은 크게 감소하여 $0.2\;mmol\;O_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$이하의 값을 나타냈다. 결론적으로, 순 광합성률의 시기적인 변화 양상은 연구 지역에 따라 다소 차이가 있었지만, 대개 봄철에 표층 0.5mm이내에 분포하는 저서 일차 생산자에 의해 광합성이 가장 활발하게 일어나는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 산소 미세전극을 이용한 갯벌의 광합성 연구에 대한 국내에서의 첫 보고이며, 이 기술은 갯벌의 일차 생산력이나 표층 퇴적물의 산소 소모율 등을 추정하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

To find out temporal variations of net photosynthetic rate (NPR) of intertidal flats, we measured oxygen microprofiles in sediments with oxygen microsensors 4 times from December 2003 to June 2004. The study areas were the intertidial flats in Janghwa-ri and Dongmak-ri, located on the southwestern and the southern parts of Ganghwa-gun, respectively, and in Incheon North Harbor where the content of organic matter was relatively high. During the investigation, oxygen penetration depths in the tidal flats of Janghwa-ri and Dongmak-ri were high in December (mean values of 4.0-4.1 mm). Thereafter, the oxygen penetration depths declined to mean values of 2.2-2.8 mm and 1.6-1.8 mm in the two tidal flats. Interestingly, the oxygen penetration depths in the Incheon North Harbor tidal flat showed a lower range $(0.8{\pm}0.3\;mm;\;mean{\pm}1SD)$ over the period. The maximum NPR in the Dongmak-ri tidal flat was found in March $(11.1{\pm}2.8\;mmol\;O_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1})$, and those In Janghwa-ri $(6.1{\pm}4.1\;mmol\;O_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1})$ and Incheon North Harbor $(6.4{\pm}1.4\;mmol\;O_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1})$ were observed in May. During the period when NPR was most active, the highest oxygen concentration was found at 0.1-0.5 mm depth below the surface sediment, and was on average 1.8-3.2 times higher than the air-saturated oxygen concentration in the overlying seawater. Although we took into account of low in situ light intensity $(400{\mu}Einst\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1})$ during the investigation in June, NPR in the 3 study areas decreased significantly to less than $0.2\;mmol\;O_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1})$. Thus, temporal variations of NPR were somewhat different among the tidal flats. Generally, benthic primary producers inhabiting in the uppermost 0.5 mm of the sediment showed a peak photosynthetic activity in the study areas in spring. This is the first domestic report on photosynthetic rates of benthic microflora in the tidal flats with oxygen microsensors, and the use of the microsensor can be widely applied to measurements of benthic primary production of a tidal flat and the oxygen consumption rate of surficial sediments.

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