서울시 고농도 미세먼지 오염현상의 원인분석 및 지역별 맞춤형 관리대책 = A Study of Building Customized Management Strategies Based on Local PM10 Emission Inventory in Seoul

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Citizens are increasingly concerned about the impacts of PM10 pollutants on human health, and on the urban environment. In the last several years, a growing number of scientific evidences have indicated that the PM10 pollution can more seriously bring human health risks in even the largest and most industrialized cities. This concern is backed up by increasing scientific evidence. In 2008, based on the clean air policy supporting system(CAPSS inventory), road transport, one of the major sources of urban air pollution, especially accounted for around 68.6% of all PM10 emissions in Seoul. Without dramatic reductions of PM10 emissions from transportation sources, the on-going safe and walkable city movement would not be successful. Through the recent questionnaires survey (2011, kim, et. al), it is realized that most of the citizens has deeply interested with improving air quality. However, they have not favorable position on the future perspective of clean air quality in Seoul. Such negative perception might be mainly stemming from the emission contribution of automobiles. As long as more stringent emission-reducing policy options are not applied, it must keep in mind that negative perceptions are not easily transformed to the positive ones. This gives the motives to the decision-maker of Seoul city government for preparing general PM10 reduction plans, with focusing on provision of low emission vehicles such as attachment of DPF control device, accelerated retirement of old vehicles, conversion of diesel buses to CNG buses, Due to the such PM10 reduction plans, the level of PM10 concentrations in Seoul are dramatically showing yearly declining pattern. In 2010, the average PM10 level was 49 ㎍/㎥, compared to the level of 76 ㎍/㎥in 2002. The overall iso-curves of PM10 concentration clearly represent the context of reducing pollution levels. The next step is how to manage the local high level of pollution concentrations, thereby keeping declining pattern of average concentration level in Seoul. Thus, the purpose of this study mainly given to preparing the inventories of each ``Gu`` districts, in order to figure out local-based emission reducing targets, thereby efficiently reducing the PM10 emissions in a customized management way. This study might be used as a ``lively practical guideline`` to assist Seoul city collaborate with ``Gu`` districts to implement actions, and obtain the greatest benefits from bottom-up PM10 reducing activities, The findings of this study is summarized as follows: 1. Identification of Local-based PM10 Inventories for MBO Management It is realized that the yearly PM10 concentration levels in Seoul have showed declining pattern, but approaching to the marginal limit to reduction. In order to exceed such limit, the preparation of ``Gu`` districts emission inventories is required, to figure out the possible customized management of emission sources in ``Gu`` districts with introducing MBO management to ``Gu`` emission sources. 2. Customized Management of Local-based Emission Sources Reducing local-based PM10 emissions can be useful for mitigating the limit of reducing average PM10 pollution level in Seoul. Through the ``Gu`` emission inventories, each target might be easily extracted. In particular, fugitive dust from paved roads, construction sites, play grounds, and open spaces needs to be managed based on management guidelines. In addition, meat cooking is another PM sources to be managed. 3. Supplements of Customized Management Strategies Considering that many local governments around the world have made it a policy priority to reduce PM10 emissions, it`s more or less imperative for Seoul city to follow such streams. In case of reducing the average level of PM10 concentrations in Seoul, the customized management of local-based emission sources is also required. Thus, in dealing with local-based PM10 sources, It is recommended that Seoul city provides supplements such as the collaboration between Seoul city and 25 ``Gu`` districts, enactment of PM10 reduction local ordinance, and enforcement of large meat-cooking activities.