Pathogenesis strategies and regulation of ginsenosides by two species of Ilyonectria in Panax ginseng : power of speciation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Background: The valuable medicinal plant Panax ginseng has high pharmaceutical efficacy because itproduces ginsenosides. However, its yields decline because of a root-rot disease caused by Ilyonectriamors-panacis. Because species within Ilyonectria showed variable aggressiveness by altering ginsenosideconcentrations in inoculated plants, we investigated how such infections might regulate the biosynthesisof ginsenosides and their related signaling molecules.
Methods: Two-year-old ginseng seedlings were treated with I. mors-panacis and I. robusta. Roots frominfected and pathogen-free plants were harvested at 4 and 16 days after inoculation. We then examinedlevels or/and expression of genes of ginsenosides, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and reactiveoxygen species (ROS). We also checked the susceptibility of those pathogens to ROS.
Results: Ginsenoside biosynthesis was significantly suppressed and increased in response to infection byI. mors-panacis and I. robusta, respectively. Regulation of JA was significantly higher in I. robustaeinfectedroots, while levels of SA and ROS were significantly higher in I. mors-panaciseinfected roots. Catalaseactivity was significantly higher in I. robustaeinfected roots followed in order by mock roots and thoseinfected by I. mors-panacis. Moreover, I. mors-panacis was resistant to ROS compared with I. robusta.
Conclusion: Infection by the weakly aggressive I. robusta led to the upregulation of ginsenoside productionand biosynthesis, probably because only a low level of ROS was induced. In contrast, the moreaggressive I. mors-panacis suppressed ginsenoside biosynthesis, probably because of higher ROS levelsand subsequent induction of programmed cell death pathways. Furthermore, I. mors-panacis may haveincreased its virulence by resisting the cytotoxicity of ROS.

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