SF영화의 스펙터클 표현 기법 분석과 연출적 특성 연구 : 아카데미 시각효과상 수상작을 중심으로 = A Study of Spectacle Expression Techniques and Directive Characteristics of SF Films : Focused on Academy Award for Best Visual Effects

국문 초록 (Abstract)

스펙터클은 영화에서 대중들에게 가장 쉽게 보여지는 표면적 특징으로 영화 예술의 가장 외적인 표현이다. 시각적 스펙터클 제작은 감독이 디지털 기술의 도움을 받아 관객들이 직접 감지할 수 있는, 강력한 흡인력 또는 자극 효과를 지닌 시각 이미지를 만들어 내는 과정이다. 공상 과학 영화는 시각적 스펙터클을 지닌 가장 대표적인 예술적 매개이다. 최근 몇 년 사이 <스파이더맨(Spider-Man, 2004)> 시리즈, <아바타(Avatar, 2009)>, <인터스텔라(Interstellar, 2014)>를 비롯한 공상 과학 영화들이 박스오피스 기록을 재차 경신하고 있다. 이는 시각적인 스펙터클 장면을 중심으로 한 공상 과학 영화 장르가 대중들의 사랑을 받고 있음을 보여준다. 공상 과학 영화의 스펙터클 장면은 영화의 하이라이트이며, 스펙터클 장면이 관중들을 매료시키는 이유는, 그 구성 요소로 인해 스토리에 강렬한 시각적 충격과 울림을 주어 시각적 즐거움을 선사하고, 강렬한 관람 욕구를 불러일으키기 때문이다. 스펙터클 장면은 영화 창작자들이 정성껏 설정한 장면이다. 공상 과학 영화 작품의 매력 포인트는 바로 스펙터클한 장면들이 보기 좋을 뿐 아니라 스토리 전개에 적합하기 때문이다. 공상과학 영화가 연출해 내는 스펙터클 장면의 표현기법과 스펙터클 장면들의 구성 요소는 모두 본 논문의 연구 중점인 공상 과학 영화의 스펙터클 창작의 핵심과 연관된다. 앞서 제기된 의문점들을 해소하기 위해, 본 논문은 다음과 같은 순서로 연구를 개진하였다. 첫째, 관련 연구를 중심으로 공상 과학 영화의 기원과 발전 과정을 살펴보았다. 둘째, 관객의 심리적 요소에 착안하여 공상 과학 영화의 흥행 요인, 즉 스펙터클 요소가 공상 과학 영화를 흥행시킨 이유를 짚어보았다. 셋째, 공상 과학 영화의 스
펙터클 장면을 분류 및 분석하여 영화 장면 구성 요소의 표현 수법을 분류하였다.
넷째, 사례분석 대상을 분류 및 정리하여, 1968년 이후 할리우드 공상 과학 영화 중 아카데미 시각효과상을 수상하고, 비교적 높은 영향력을 지닌 사례를 선정하여, 전형적인 스펙터클 장면에 자주 사용되는 구성 수법을 분석하였다. 분석 결과에 따르면, 공상 과학 영화의 스펙터클 장면의 연출 특성은 영화에 보다 큰 시각적 충격을 부여함으로써 중요한 작용을 하고, 관객의 관람 욕구를 불러일으킨다. 앞으로의 공상 과학 영화 창작에 있어서 스펙터클 표현 기법을 보다 적절히 구사하고 나아가 서사기법과 더욱 잘 조합한다면, 공상 과학 영화의 예술적 수준을 높일 수 있을 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As the most easily seen feature of movies, spectacle embodies t
he most external expression of movie art. Creating a visual spectac
le is a process in which the director creates a powerful appeal or
stimulation effect that the audience can directly perceive the visual
image with the help of digital technology. The science fiction movi
e is a very representative artistic carrier of visual spectacle. In recent years, science fiction movies such as the "Spider-Man"
series, "Transformers", "Avatar", and "Interstellar" have set box of
fice records again and again. Obviously, science fiction movies, a t
ype of film centered on visual wonders, have been accepted and s
ought after by the public. In science fiction movies, spectacle scen
es are the key scenes in many scenes. The reason why spectacle
scenes can attract audiences is that the construction elements of s
pectacle scenes cause the plot to have a strong visual impact and
visual shock, thereby attracting the audience to a strong desire to
watch . The spectacle scene is a scene set carefully by the film a
nd television creators. The charm of science fiction films lies in th
e creation of such spectacle scenes, so that the spectacle scenes a
re both beautiful and meet the development needs of the plot. Th
e performance techniques of the spectacle scenes interpreted by t
he science fiction movies and the construction elements of the spe
ctacle scenes all involve the core of the creation of the sci-fi mov
ies and television spectacles, which is also the focus of this study.
In order to understand these, the sequence of this study is as follo
ws: First, to observe the origin and development of science fiction
movies, centering on related research. Second, taking the audience'
s psychological factors as an entry point, analyze the reasons for t
he sci-fi movie box office sales, that is, the reason why the sci-fi
movie has made the science-fiction movie popular among the audie
nce. Third, classify and analyze the spectacle scenes of science fic
tion movies, and classify the expression methods of the constructio
n elements in the spectacle scenes. Fourth, classify the case analys
is objects, and use the more influential movies in the Hollywood Be
st Visual Effects Award-winning movies after 1968 as the analysis
objects for case analysis. It was found that the deductive nature of
the spectacle scenes played by science fiction movies can help scifi
movies exhibit greater visual impact. The constituent elements of
spectacle scenes play an important role in science fiction movies a
nd can better stimulate the audience's desire to watch. In the futu
re creation of science fiction movies, science fiction movies use m
ore appropriate spectacle presentation techniques and better cooper
ate with narrative techniques to improve the artistic level of scien
ce fiction movies.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 표 목 차 ··············································································································ⅲ
• 그 림 목 차 ············································································································ⅲ
• 국 문 요 약 ···········································································································ⅴ
• 1. 서론 ·························································································································1
• 1.1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 ····················································································1
• 1.2. 연구의 범위 및 방법 ····················································································4
• 2. SF영화의 정의와 특징 ························································································7
• 2.1. SF영화의 기원 및 발전과정 ·······································································7
• 2.1.1. SF영화의 기원 ························································································7
• 2.1.2. SF영화의 분류 ························································································9
• 2.1.3. SF영화의 발전과정 ··············································································10
• 2.2. SF영화의 특징 ·····························································································22
• 2.2.1. 경제적 측면 ···························································································22
• 2.2.2. 시각적 쾌감 ···························································································24
• 3. 스펙터클의 정의와 구성요소 ···········································································29
• 3.1. 스펙터클의 정의 ··························································································29
• 3.2. 스펙터클 장면의 분류 ················································································32
• 3.3. 장면의 구성 요소와 특수효과를 활용한 장면구성 ······························46
• 3.3.1. 장면의 구성 요소 ·················································································46
• 3.3.2. 특수효과를 활용한 장면구성 ·····························································50
• 4. 사례분석 ···············································································································55
• 4.1. 사례분석 대상과 분석방법 ········································································55
• 4.1.1. 사례분석 대상 ·······················································································56
• 4.1.2. 분석방법 ·································································································60
• 4.2. SF영화의 스펙터클 표현 기법 분석 ·······················································61
• 4.2.1. 영상작품의 스펙터클 장면 분석 ·······················································61
• 4.2.2. 스펙터클 장면 활용한 특수효과 분석 ·············································77
• 4.3. 사례분석 결과 ······························································································84
• 4.4. 소기 결론 ····································································································87
• 5. 결론 ·····················································································································91
• 참고문헌 ··················································································································96
• ABSTRACT ············································································································99