소설이론의 변모와 저자의 역할 = A Study on the Author's Role and Theory of Fiction

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Being like God, the author of 19th century realist fiction controlled all the action and lives of the characters in his fiction. In the modernism and post-modernism, however, the author's authoritative power vanished and he remains only as a narrator. This vanishment of the author happens in both the theory of fiction and the works of fiction at the same time.
This aim of this is to discuss the role of an author in the modern novel and show how the authoritative author disappears and transforms into only as a narrator.
In The Craft of Fiction, Percy Lubbock, an English theorist , distinguishes narrative technique as `seneic` and `panoramic.` He analyzes Flaubert's Madam Bovary, giving the preponderance on the panoramic over the senic. In so doing, he claims that the showing, the craft which reduces interferences of the author, is superior to telling: a good fiction is that which reduces author's interference and provokes reader's interset.
New Criticism is a literary movement that tries to find themes in the structure and form of the work. Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren, in Understanding Fiction, considers the fiction as an organic structure of plot, character, and theme. They focus their attention not on the life and intention of the author or judgement of readers, but on the constituents of the fiction. The `showing` of Lubbock and the theory of New Criticism altogether exclude the author.
It is Wayne C. Booth who take author and reader back into the theory. In The Rhetoric of Fiction, Booth subjects the showing to the telling : the showing is also a kind of the telling, and the organic structure of fiction includes the interference of author at its base. He uses the term `the implied author.` the author who is hidden in the narrative technique. He tells of `the return of the author,` but it is not the authoritative author of 19th century. The author returned to the fiction, but not as an authoritative author but as a strategist, inventor of techniques.
Booth's theory of `implied author` was introduced when the postmodern fiction comes into existence. With the advent of `implied author,` the author was fallen into a strategist, introducing the various narrative technique. Dorrit Cohn's Transparent Minds is to study on how the narrator narrates the character's psychological state of mind. The narrator narrates the fiction not through his own voice, but through the monologue of characters. After all, in the modern novel especially in the postmodernism novel, the author is transformed into the devicer and loses his authoritative power.