Aging population, and the concentration of the youth in the Seoul metropolitan area, the problem of the crisis of local extinction in the non-metropolitan area is gradually getting serious due to the low birth rate.
Precedent study on the constant ou...
Aging population, and the concentration of the youth in the Seoul metropolitan area, the problem of the crisis of local extinction in the non-metropolitan area is gradually getting serious due to the low birth rate.
Precedent study on the constant outflow of the youth into the Seoul metropolitan area and the inflow of the youth into non-capital areas to secure competitiveness in non-capital areas has mainly been analyzed in relevant to economic factors including the gap in wage levels and employment opportunities, as well as non-economic factors including culture, welfare, and vocational value.
In most precedent studies, the factors of the employment routes of the youth were analyzed by dividing the Seoul metropolitan area and the non-capital area, the southeastern region (Busan, Ulsan, Gyeongnam), Daegu and Gyeongbuk, Busan Metropolitan City, and Gwangju Metropolitan City, and the raw data of the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS) of the Korea Employment Information Service was used.
In this study, the same GOMS raw data used in the preceding study were used, but the analysis targets were not limited to particular areas as in the preceding study, and according to the high school areas where they came from, the analysis targets were distinguished as the most vulnerable young people in rural areas which have extinction crisis and non-extinciton areas among non-capital areas.
The contents of this study are as follows: First, the city, county, and district of the respondents' high school and the city, county, and district of the current workplace were set as the rural area with extinction crisis, and the youth in the rural area with extinction crisis and the youth in the non-extinction area were compared and analyzed.
Second, based on precedent study, the explanatory variables were set as economic variables (individual characteristics and vocational characteristics) and non-economic variables (job paths and job value prior to employment), and the impact of variables was confirmed via binary regression analysis.
Third, according to the results of the analysis, factors that influence employment decisions in rural areas were derived by dividing them into samples of the youth at extinction crisis in rural areas and samples of the youth in non-extinction areas, and through this, we would like to present policy implications for the influx of youth population in rural areas.
The primary results were derived from employment, credits, the number of certificates, and agriculture, forestry and fisheries occupations in cities and counties where the youth in rural areas at extinction crisis affected employment in rural areas at risk of extinction, and the primary factors that the employment of the youth in non-extinction areas influencing the rural areas with extinction crisis were derived from major fields (education, nature, and medicine fields), employee status (regular workers), and development value (employment safety) among pre-employment vocational values.
According to the results of this study, the youth in rural areas with extinction crisis tend to stay in their own areas as implications for the influx of the youth in rural areas with extinction crisis, so it is necessary to expand additional support to induce them to settle in their own areas, and it can be suggested that it is crucial to discover youth-friendly regional occupations by expanding the influx of young females in the childbirth age group via a policy-related demand survey to induce females to settle in their regions, and the discovery and support of small and medium-sized (promising) companies in rural areas to create high-quality occupations according to external values including company size and job stability.