칸트의 규범적 법실증주의 －하트의 관점에서 시도하는 칸트 텍스트의 분석－ = Kant’s Normative Legal Positivism: Kant’s Legal Theory through Hart’s Eyes

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article aims to demonstrate that Kant is a normative legal positivist by finding and analyzing Kant’s texts concerning the various concrete issues on which legal positivism and non-positivism disagree. To this end, the author (1) summarizes Kant’s theory of law and reviews some groundless misunderstandings about it, (2) introduces seven points about the nature of law and its theoretical and practical implications that legal positivists have suggested as the meanings of ‘positivism’ bandied about in contemporary jurisprudence, and (3) finds and evaluates a number of Kant’s texts that correspond to each point so that one can conclude that normative legal positivism represents Kant’s mature philosophy of law. Since these texts relate to the significant issues of legal philosophy such as imperative theory of law, separation thesis, analytical jurisprudence, legal formalism, non-cognitivism, obligation to obey law, and judicial restraint, the analysis and evaluation of them gives us a valuable opportunity not only to successfully evaluate and characterize Kant’s legal theory, but also to reconsider what attitude our community should have about law in the midst of the prevalent disagreement among reasonable people about rights and justice.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본고는 그것에 관하여 실증주의와 비실증주의가 의견을 달리하는 구체적 논점들에 관련한 칸트의 텍스트를 검토함으로써 그가 규범적 법실증주의자임을 밝히고자 한다. 이를 위해 저자는, 칸트의 법이론을 요약하고 그것에 관한 오해를 살핀 후, (1) 법실증주의 진영에 속하는 학자들이 법의 본성 및 그 이론적⋅실천적 함의에 관하여 주장하는 일곱 가지 표지를 추려내고 (2) 이 각 표지에 들어맞는 칸트의 텍스트를 찾아 제시한다. 이러한 텍스트는 모두 법철학의 굵직한 논점－법명령설, 분리(가능성)테제, 분석법학, 법형식주의, 비인지주의, 법복종의무, 사법자제－에 관한 것이기에, 이것들에 대한 분석 및 평가는 칸트의 법철학의 성격을 구체적으로 살필 기회를 제공할 뿐 아니라 사회 속에 만연한 의견대립 속에서 우리 공동체가 법에 대하여 지녀야 할 태도에 관하여 귀중한 시사점을 제공한다.

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