고대 그리스 식민시의 창건자 숭배-키레네의 바토스를 중심으로- = The Cult of the Founder in Ancient Greek Colonies -Battos, the Founder of Kyrene-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aim of this article is to analyze the role of the founders` cults in Greek colonies with the case of Battos, the founder of Kyrene. The colony was founded by Battos in 630 B.C. after the former territory Thera was damaged by overpopulation and famine. The colony founder was selected by the mother polis. The Delphic oracles indicated the need to colonize, the prospective site and the founder, which granted him religious authority. The founder may be described as the link between the colony and its mother-city. When he landed the colony, the founder divided the land and outlined the city. In addition, the founder proceed to institute cults and festivals, to raise altars, to define precincts, to build temples, and to conduct the proper rites. With the death of the founder, the foundation process came to an end. The founder were buried in the agora, the center of the polis. The cult of the founder took place annually around the tomb of the founder. Tomb in the agora came to be the focus and site of hero cults. It was the first cult and it symbolized the colony`s new self-identity. The cult of the founder was peculiar to the colony. It played a great part in forming the strong awareness of individuality and autonomy for which the Greek polis is noted. The cult for founder inspired the need for founder cults in the mother cities. The cults for founders of cities served as a basis for the ruler-cults in Hellenistic and Roman periods.(Kyungpook University, History Department/ [e-mail])

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 최혜영, "테라의 아크로티리 배 프레스코화 논쟁과 새로운 해석-청동기 시대 테라의 리비아 식민지 건설을 중심으로-" 서양고대사연구 (36) : 37 ~ 65, 2013

2 Homeros, "오뒷세이아, Ⅵ" 숲 : 7 ~ 10, 2006

3 P. Cartledge, "스파르타 이야기 : 신화로 남은 전사들의 역사" 어크로스 : 53 ~, 2011

4 허승일, "스파르타 교육과 시민생활" 삼영사 : 80 ~ 82, 1998

5 권영국, "사하라의 진주 리비아" 에세이퍼블리싱 : 133 ~ 134, 2007

6 오흥식, "블랙 아테나 2 : 고고학 및 문헌 증거" 소나무 : 143 ~ 144, 2013

7 변정심, "델포이 아폴론 신탁 프네우마(Pneuma)의 실체" 서양고대사연구 (36) : 67 ~ 121, 2013

8 M. Grant, "그리스 로마 신화사전" 범우사 : 249 ~, 2000

9 Pierre Grimal, "그리스 로마 신화사전" 열린책들 : 319 ~, 2003

10 Fustel de Coulanges, "고대도시 : 그리스ㆍ로마의 신앙,법,제도에 대한 연구" 아카넷 : 304 ~, 2000

11 Flaceliére, Robert, "고대 그리스의 일상생활 : 페리클레스 시대" 우물이 있는 집 : 56 ~, 2004

12 I. Malkin, "What’s in a Name? The Eponymous Founders of Greek Colonies" Athenaeum 63 : 114 ~ 130, 1984

13 "Thucydides, Ⅵ. 3. 1"

14 Büsing, H, "Thiasos, = Castrum Peregrini, 132-3" : 51 ~ 79, 1978

15 J. Boardman, "The Greeks Overseas. Their Early Colonies and Trade" 1980

16 A. J. Graham, "The Foundation of Thasos" The Annual of the British School at Athens 73 : 61 ~ 98, 1978

17 J. Fontenrose, "The Delphic Oracle, Its Responses and Operations, with a Catalogue of Responses" 1978

18 H. W. Parke, "The Delphi Oracle Ⅱ: The Oracular Response" Blackwell : 416 ~,

19 Parke, H. W. Parke, "The Delphi Oracle Ⅱ, no. 280 : 113 ~ 114"

20 H. W. Parke, "The Delphi Oracle I: The History" 1956

21 E. Rohde, Psyche, "The Cult of Souls and Belief in Immortality among the Greeks" Routledge & Kegan Paul : 13 ~, 1925

22 A. J. Graham, "The Colonial Expansion of Greece : 135 ~"

23 A. J. Graham, "The Cambridge Ancient History Ⅲ, Part 3: The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries BC : 134 ~ 138" 1982

24 J. Boardman, "The Archaeology of Greek Colonisation (Oxford School of Archaeology : 137 ~ 149" 2004

25 Wilamowitz-Möllendorf, U, von, "Sitzungsberichte der preussichen Akademie der Wissenschafte" : 159ff ~, 1927

26 I. Malkin, "Religion and Colonization in Ancient Greece" 1987

27 I. Malkin, "Religion and Colonization : 214 ~ 215"

28 Pindaros, "Pythian Ode, IV, V"

29 A. J. Graham, "Patterns in Early Greek Colonization Patterns in Early Greek Colonization" The Journal of Hellenic Studies 91 : 35 ~ 47, 1971

30 S. Ferri, "Notiziario Archeologico Annuario Ministerio Colonie. 4, Pls. XVI-XVII" 93ff; : 93ff ~, 1927

31 S. Ferri, "Note d'epigrafia cirenaica" Historia 3 : 399 ~ 400, 1929

32 I. Malkin, "Nomodeiktes: Greek Studies in Honor of Martin Ostwald" 1993

33 I. Malkin, "Myth and Territory in the Spartan Mediterranean" 1994

34 M. P. Nilsson, "Minoan-Mycenaean Religion and its Survival in Greek Religion : 584 ~ 614" 1950

35 I. Malkin, "Mediterranean Paradigms and Classical Antiquity" Routledge : 56 ~ 74, 2005

36 S. Stucchi, "L’agora di Cirene, I: I lati nord ed est della platea inferiore : 49 ~ 65" 1965

37 S. Stucchi, "L’agora di Cirene : 59 ~"

38 "Herodotos, Ⅳ"

39 I. Malkin, "Greek and Roman Networks in the Mediterranean" Taylor and Francis, 2009

40 M. Austin, "Greek Colonisation : An Account of Greek Colonies and Other ettlements Overseas, Mnemosyne Supplement, 193" 2008

41 F. Chamoux, "Cyrène sous la Monarchie des Battiades : 95 ~ 98" 1953

42 R. G., Goodchild, "Cyrene and Apollonia, An Historical Guide" Department of Antiquities(Eastern Region)/United Kingdom of Libya : 38 ~ 39, 1963

43 Bartson, L. J, "Cyrencia in Antiquity, Vol. I, II" Harvard University, 1982

44 F. de Polignac, "Cults, Territory, and the Origins of the Greek City-State" University of Chicago Press, 1995

45 A. J. Graham, "Colony and Mother City in Ancient Greece" 1964

46 A. J. Graham, "Collected Papers on Greek Colonization" Brill, 2001

47 "Catullus, Vii.6"

48 B. Martin, "Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization (Volume 2: The Archaeological and Documentary Evidence)" Rutgers University Press, 1991

49 A. M. Snodgrass, "Archaic Greece : the Age of Experiment" J. M. Dent : 39 ~, 1980

50 C. Antonaccio, "An Archaeology of Ancestors : Hero and Tomb Cult in Early Greece" Rowman & Littlefield : 267 ~ 268, 1995

51 R. Meiggs, "A Selection of Greek Historical Inscriptions to the End of the Fifth Century B.C, no.5" 1969

52 H. G. Liddell, "A Greek-English Lexicon" Clarendon Press : 478 ~, 1951

53 B. K. Braswell, "A Commentary on the Fourth Pythian Ode of Pindar" De Gruyter : 1 ~ 3, 1988