정도전의 「陣法」에 보이는 병학사상에 대한 검토 = A study of military thought shown in Jeong Do-jeon’s Jinbup

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Jeong Do-jeon is also known as a military expert in early Chosŏn period. He established the system of command and control and set up military discipline for Chosŏn dynasty. The basis for his reform of the military system can be found in his writing ‘Jinbup’.
This study examines Jeong Do-jeon’s military thought by analyzing his ‘Jinbup’ and the source of it. Many parts of ‘Jinbup’ quote from the ‘T'ung-tien’. When Jeong Do-jeon made changes to the original text, it had two patterns. One is excluding Yin(陰) and Yang(陽) thought and the other one is emphasizing the military formation discipline for mass troops more than the individual martial art training.
In Koryŏ dynasty, military ritual and discipline was practiced near the building of taoism. Also, it was common that the military ritual was performed along with the taoist ritual. Moreover at that time, Tàiyǐ(太一), kind of divination, was popular as military science. Jeong Do-jeon, who took a political stance against all those teachings that do not conform to Confucianism, attempted to establish new military system, excluding such ideas as Yin-Yang(陰陽), Five Elemental(五行), and divination.
The new type of the military discipline that Jeong Do-jeon established combined the military discipline in ‘Rites of Zhou(周禮)’ and ‘Kaiyuan Rites(開元禮)’ from Tang Dynasty. Both of them emphasized military formation discipline more than the individual martial art training. They also emphasized more of the infantry’s role that organized formation than hunting type military discipline that focused on cavalry’s tactical movement.
His new type of military discipline was established in consideration of the military surrounding from late Koryŏ and early Chosŏn period that needed to make a large scale troop for large army of enemy. The large scale troop, however, was likely to cause troubles such as an excessive growth of soldiers and generals. In order to keep them in check, Jeong Do-jeon advocated that the best army must have benevolence, righteousness and moderation. He also suggested that the best army, which has benevolence, righteousness and moderation, should be commanded by ‘Confucian General(儒將)’.
The ancient military thought in east asia has three essential factors, the Tiān(天), Di(地), Rén(人). In earlier times, Tiān and Di were more important than Rén. In terms of military thought, the Rén is organization, tactics, battle formation, etc. As time passes by, the importance of Rén will grow gradually. Jeong Do-jeon’s military thought was also in line with this tendency, attempting to emphasize Rén more than Tiān and Di, and further transform the military discipline from cavalry to infantry.