에탄올 개발과 식량안보 : 브라질과 미국의 사례를 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Ethanol Development and Food Security: Brazil and the U.S.A.

Since the oil crisis in 1970s, ethanol fuel has been considered as a main alternative to fossil fuel, especially gasoline. Both Brazil and the USA are currently the world’s leading producer and exporter of ethanol. Brazil’s ethanol industry is used as the exemplary “poster child” to justify ethanol production in the USA. It must be a “West” thing because the Europeans are following a similar ethanol policy. Brazil’s success is remarkable to become a world model of energy independence promoting energy security. Ethanol as grain alcohol is made mainly from sugarcane in Brazil and corn in the USA. Both sugarcane and corn are economically important crops which is used as raw material in human food industries. Such a grain based ethanol production consumes high percentage of crops and it ultimately induces not only food shortage and higher food price leading to more hunger, more pain and more hardship in the world. This paper compares similarities and differences in ethanol development and production between Brasil and the USA. It also examines how the ethanol development influences on global food price or food crisis. And finally, It discusses on the relationship between global oil price, global food price, and ethanol production in Brazil and the USA.

[Key Words: Ethanol/ Food Security/ Brazil/ USA/ Ethanol Policy]
[주제어: 에탄올/ 식량안보/ 브라질/ 미국/ 에탄올 정책]

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