『대리모 이야기』의 현재성: 희망 없는 시대의 정치학 = The Relevance of Margaret Atwood’s Handmaid’s Tale

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article traces the process in which the narrator Offred’s narrative is constructed as her own survival strategy. Faced with unavailability of adequate discourse to narrate her story in the suffocating totalitarian society, Offred comes up with a highly fragmented narrative where she constantly vacillates between past and present, her own life experience and others’ life-stories, and reflections on past events and alert consciousness on current surroundings. Thus the narrative form becomes an amalgam of disparate lives, different moments, and contradictory perspectives. While this highly fragmented narrative form constantly blocks the unified representation of Offred’s and others’ life-stories, the very aesthetic form enables the oppressed people’s lived lives to be narratively re-inscribed without losing their respective individualities. Further, throughout the narrative process, a sense of solidarity between the narrator and the oppressed others emerges in contradistinction to the dominant and abstract discourse of the regime whose edifice is maintained essentially by the legitimation and imposition of its national idea(l). Ultimately, the narrative’s dialectical movement of fragmentedness and solidarity, collectivity and individuality demonstrates that the ‘beyond’ of dystopian present lies not in a coherent utopian program but the ruptures that social others make within the society.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이승은, "『핸드메이드 이야기』에 나타난 디스토피아와 저항적 내러티브" 한국영미문화학회 5 (5): 237-260, 2005

2 Miner, Madonne, "‘Trust me’: Reading the Romance Plot in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid's Tale" 37 (37): 148-168, 1991

3 Dunja, Mohr, "Worlds Apart? : Dualism and Transgression in Contemporary Female Dystopias" McFarland 2005

4 Frye, Northrop, "Utopias and Utopian Thought" Beacon Press 25-49, 1967

5 Jameson, Fredric, "The Political Unconscious : Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act" Cornell UP 1981

6 Atwood, Margaret, "The Handmaid's Tale" Vintage 2011

7 Fukuyama, Francis, "The End of History and the Last Man" Free Press 1992

8 Feuer, Lois, "The Calculus of Love and Nightmare: The Handmaid's Tale and Dystopian Tradition" 38 (38): 83-95, 1997

9 Sage, Lorna, "Projections from a Messy Present"

10 Weiss, Allan, "Offred’s Complicity and the Dystopian Tradition in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale" 34 (34): 120-141, 2009

11 Ferns, Chris, "Narrating Utopia : Ideology, Gender, Form in Utopian Literature" Liverpool UP 1999

12 Davidson, Arnold E., "Margaret Atwood: Vision and Forms" Southern Illinois UP 113-121, 1988

13 Stein, Karen F, "Margaret Atwood Revisited" Twayne 1999

14 Cooke, Nathalie, "Margaret Atwood : A Biography" eCW 1998

15 Howells, Coral Ann, "Margaret Atwood" Palgrave 2005

16 Glendinnig, Victoria, "Lady Oracle" 39-41, 1986

17 Neuman, Shirley, "Just a Backlash: Margaret Atwood, Feminism, and The Handmaid's Tale" 75 (75): 857-868, 2006

18 Weedon, Chris, "Feminist Practice and Poststructuralist Theory" Blackwell 1987

19 Ehrenreich, Barbara, "Feminism’s Phantoms"

20 Freibert, Lucy M., "Critical Essays on Margaret Atwood" Hall 280-291, 1988

21 Marx, Karl., "Captal: A Critique of Political Economy" Penguin 1992

22 Camatte, Jacques, "Capital and Community" Prism Key Press 2011

23 Jameson, Fredric, "Archeologies of the Future : The Desire Called Utopia and Other Science Fiction" Verso 2007

24 Berger, James, "After the End : Representations of Post-apocalypse" U of Minnesota P 1999