兒童發達에 따른 父親의 役割 : 兒童의 攻擊性·依存性·社會性을 中心으로 = The Role of the Father in Child Development Ⅰ

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The following study treats the role of the father in childhood development. Through field studies of social and emotional behaviour, I observed how the presence of the father influences the personal and social development of children.
Before beginning my research in Japan, I conducted a similar study on Korean children. Its results left me with several un answered questions. These and the study itself provided a basis from which I began my research in Japan. In the future, these two separate studies should allow me to compare the father-child relationships in Korea and Japan.
I focused on aggression, dependency and sociability of children between the ages of three, four and five, a period considered to be formative in a child`s social development.
Employing the statistical data taken from my field work, I first compared the differences between children in families with fathers and those that were fatherless. Next, I contrasted the child-rearing patterns of married parents with those of single mothers. Lastly, I studied the behaviour of fathers toward their children. I classified these observations according to the structure of the family-those with and those without fathers-, the sex and the age of the children.
My conclusions are the following:
(1) the behaviour of the children
On the whole, there was no significant difference in aggression, dependency and sociability between the group of children without and with fathers. However, in detail, a remarkable difference became apparent.
1. Aggresion
- In the fatherless families children tended to express their aggressions in indirect and verbal ways. Boys in families with fathers tended to express aggression physically.
- The lower the age of children in two-parent families the more frequent they expressed their aggression toward objects. Boys tended to be more aggressive than girls.
- In the group of the four-year olds of fatherless families, verbal indirect aggression and aggression toward objects was high. There was no significant difference between boys and girls, but boys tended to grow more aggressive with age.
2. Dependency
- The children of fatherless families tended to be very dependent and grew increasingly so with age.
- In two-parent families, there was an indirect relationship between age and dependency. Girls tended to be more dependent than boys.
- The four-year olds of fatherless families tended to be especially dependent. On the whole, the sex of the child made no difference. But the three-year old girls tended to want attention and physical contact.
3. Sociability
- Children of fatherless families tended to be the most participant while those with fathers were more affable.
- Children with fathers tended to grow increasingly role taking and affable with age.
- Both boys and girls without fathers were very participating. Girls grew more cooperative and less affable with age.
Conclusion
In the two groups observed, there were differences in the children`s behaviour and the child-rearing patterns. The relationship between fathers and children was weak. Overall, children were cooperative with their mothers.
This study clearly demonstrates that fathers and mothers have different influences on their children. The parents had a direct influence on the patterns of aggression and dependency in their children`s behaviour. Because the roles of the father and mother have become less rigid in modern times, I was unable to establish a causal relationship between the father`s influence on the children, distinguished from the mother`s. That is, which behaviours could be attributed to the father`s influence and which to the mother`s remained unclear.
While the fathers role in the family seems important, one can not negate the possibility of having this role played by another person.
I have shown in this study that whether a child has two parents or one directly influences his or her development. My study does not yet clarify whether or not a parent`s role can be substituted by another person.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 緖 論
• Ⅱ. 理論的 背景
• Ⅲ. 硏究의 課題 및 方法
• Ⅳ. 結果 및 考察
• Ⅴ. 要約 및 結論
• ㆍ引用 및 參考文獻
• ㆍSummary